美国蜂蜜口味和选购知识

导读：美国有300多种蜂蜜，分贝采自不同花卉，其口味和颜色取决于蜜源和采集季节。蜂蜜颜色可从几乎无色到深棕色不等，通常浅色的味道较温和。

蜂蜜是从花蜜中提取并在蜂蜜囊中产生的甜味粘性液体。人类食用蜂蜜已经有几千年历史。

蜜蜂从花蕊根部吸取花蜜或其他分泌物，吸到它们体内专门的蜜囊中。然后经由蜜蜂体内分泌的酶，把花蜜中的蔗糖发酵，转变为易吸收的葡萄糖、果糖。其中果糖和葡萄糖约占蜂蜜含量的70％，而水约占20%。其余成分是麦芽糖、蔗糖和其他复杂的碳水化合物。此外，蜂蜜还含有必需的维生素（例如维生素B6，硫胺素，烟酸，核黄素和泛酸），矿物质（例如钙，铜，铁，锌，和镁）；几种不同的氨基酸和几种抗氧化成分（例如维生素C和chrysin）。当然这些成分含量都非常低。

蜂蜜的分类

在美国有300多种独特类型的蜂蜜品种。每种蜂蜜都来自不同的花卉，蜂蜜的口味和颜色取决于蜜源和采集的季节。蜂蜜颜色可从几乎无色到深棕色不等。通常来说，浅色蜂蜜的味道较温和。

单花 vs 多花

单花：来自单一植物来源。
多花：来自多个植物来源，无法确定单一的主要花卉来源。

生产方式

超过滤蜂蜜 Ultre-filtered: 经过超精细的过滤和加热，除去花粉和杂质，也是超市常见的蜂蜜。花粉并非特意除去，但是因为花粉的的颗粒较大，在超过滤处理中被一并过滤走了。
生蜜 Raw honey: 只过筛，不加热，保留花粉和微小杂质的蜂蜜。生蜜保留了较多的营养，近来很受欢迎。但由于存在微小杂质，生蜜比超过滤蜂蜜更易结晶，不过结晶的蜂蜜并不影响食用。

超过滤蜂蜜和生蜜都可能含有肉毒杆菌，一岁以下婴儿不可以食用蜂蜜。

USDA 蜂蜜等级

Grade A: 根据水分含量、风味、香味、澄清度评分，分数至少90。
Grade B: 分数至少80。
Grade C: 分数至少70。

评分标准见美国农业部。

有机蜂蜜 vs 非有机蜂蜜

美国农业部并没有专门的有机蜂蜜标准。有机标签只遵守有机农业的标准，即使是标着 USDA 有机标签的蜂蜜，也并不能说明什么。为了鼓励小蜂农，USDA 允许年营业额在$5,000以下的蜂蜜生产商自行打上有机标签，无需经过认证，只要他们遵循有机种植标准。

其实有机蜂蜜的概念意义不大。小蜜蜂平均能飞两英里远，就算方圆二英里的植物都是有机种植，你怎么能保证哪天没有小蜜蜂中的战斗蜂，小宇宙爆发飞出了三英里外，采到了非有机的花蜜呢？

虽然美国没有对有机蜂蜜做出规定，欧洲和南美洲都有自己的有机认证体系。美国市场上的有机蜂蜜大多数来自巴西。美国承认其他国家的有机认证，允许生产商使用 USDA 有机图标。

欧洲对有机蜂蜜的标准是 ^[来源]：

蜂箱周围半径3km（2 miles）无污染源
蜂箱需由天然材料制作，也可以使用瓦楞纸或金属板
不能使用常规兽医药品来控制蜜蜂的疾病，可以使用柠檬汁来处理螨虫
在缺少饲料的时候让蜜蜂消耗自己的蜂蜜
蜂农合作社应引进内部控制系统对蜂农进行检查
蜂蜜应存放在没有化学洗涤剂的容器中

常见的蜂蜜口味

苜蓿蜜 Alfalfa

苜蓿花蜜来自紫色的苜蓿花，遍布美国和加拿大，颜色浅，香气温和。

267 个好评

Sandt's Alfalfa Honey, Unfiltered Raw Honey, Non-GMO Genuine, Pure Honey (2 lbs)

Raw & Unfiltered Alfalfa honey
100% Pure & Unfiltered honey gathered by bees from the alfalfa flower.
It comes with white or extra light amber in color with a fine flavor.

鳄梨蜜 Avocado

鳄梨蜜主要从加州的鳄梨花中采集，鳄梨蜜颜色较深，有浓郁的黄油味。

29 个好评

Donoxti 100% Pure Raw Avocado Blossom Unfiltered & Unpasteurized Natural Gourmet Honey, Gluten Free & Kosher Certified, 16 Oz. Jar

Avocado honey is dark amber and has a creamy, robust taste. It has a very bold flavor profile – somewhat of a burnt, smoky, molasses taste. Initially sweet and intense on the tongue, with light bittersweet notes deep on the palate. Its rich and buttery even more so than other kinds of honey. The darker the honey is, the higher the antioxidant properties. This cold packed honey is 100% raw, unheated, unfiltered and packed in glass.
One of the main benefits of this honey is its capacity for healing skin conditions, burns and wounds similar to New Zealand Manuka. It helps with insomnia, supports the immune system, detoxifies the body and helps to soothe coughs and the list goes on…Raw avocado honey and nectar are rich in a variety of minerals, such as copper, iron, sulfur, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.
Made from raw honey comb, this honey is a great source of Vitamin C, antioxidants, protein, iron and fiber. Use this honey to add to recipes, in smoothies, as a glaze, in herbal teas, in coffee, on baked goods or in acai bowls. Use as a honey face mask, in honey mustard dressing, or raw honey for skin.

蓝莓蜜 Blueberry

蓝莓蜜取自蓝莓开出的小白花中，呈浅琥珀色，多产自新英格兰州和密歇根州。

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Billy Bee 100% Pure Natural Blueberry Honey, 13 oz

Upside down, no-mess cap for clean counters and cabinets
DID YOU KNOW? Honey is made by honey bees as a product of foraging for nectar and storing it as food within complex honeycombs
Blueberry honey is collected from the nectar of blueberry blossoms for a subtle fruity flavor. No blueberry flavor added

荞麦蜜 Buckwheat

荞麦蜜颜色深且味道浓郁，多产自明尼苏达州，纽约，俄亥俄州，宾夕法尼亚州和威斯康星州以及加拿大东部。有研究显示荞麦蜂蜜含有更多的抗氧化剂 ^[来源]。

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Dutch Gold Honey Buckwheat, 16 oz

Prepared in a dedicated Gluten-free allergy-friendly facility

三叶草蜜 Clover

三叶草蜜味道温和令人愉悦。在美国，三叶草蜜的产量比其他蜂蜜都要多。三叶草分布非常广，也有好几种亚品种，因此三叶草蜜的颜色可从浅白色、浅琥珀色到深琥珀色不等。

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Gunter's Pure Clover Honey Bears, 12 Oz (Pack of 2)

CLOVER HONEY: The clover in our clover honey include white Dutch clover, white blossom clover, and yellow blossom clover. Clover honey has a sweet, flowery flavor and a pleasing mild taste.
FROM THE EARTH ITSELF: Its quest for the most advanced cultural, aesthetic, design and functional quality into mass production. Our raw materials are from the earth itself. We seek to use ingredients that are plant derived, GMO-free, organically certified when possible, and sourced from domestic suppliers to keep jobs in our local communities.
EXCELLENT QUALITY: Maven Gifts provides you with only the most durable and well-designed items. You can always rest assured that your items will come as expected, featuring high quality construction and well detailed designs. We take pride in our items and selection for you.

桉树蜜 Eucalyptus

桉树是很大的植物属，包含500多种不同的亚种和杂交品种，因此桉树蜜的颜色和风味差异很大，但往往是味道更浓郁，甚至带有轻微药味，多产自加州。

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OneLife 100% Organic Eucalyptus Honey Natural Pure Raw Unfiltered No Added Sugar Balanced Flavor (650gm)

100% Organic Certified Honey: It is a gift derived from nature, packed carefully for you with its untouched therapeutic benefit. Free from artificial ingredients and flavours.
BENEFITS: Eucalyptus honey is a good antiseptic because of its germicidal properties. So it is commonly used for healing wounds, ulcers, burns, cuts, abrasions and sores. It is also effective on stings. It helps lower down the risk of many diseases, may helps in improving immune system and in beautifying skin and hair. It also helps treating cough & cold.
FLAVOUR & SIZE: Eucalyptus Honey. 650 gm

柳兰蜜 Fireweed

柳兰是一种多年生的草本植物，开粉红色的小花朵，产于美国北部和加拿大。柳兰蜜颜色较浅，被誉为蜂蜜中的香槟。

3 个好评

Gourmet Fireweed Honey, 18 oz Glass Jar - Natural, Raw Honey - by Anna's Honey (Pack of 3)

LIMITED QUANTITY HONEY VARIETAL!
Fresh Honey Produced by Fireweed Pollinating Bees
Packaged in an Elegant Glass Honey Jar

橙花蜜 Orange Blossom

橙花蜜通常是来自几种柑橘类水果的花蜜混合物，味道清新，带有柑橘味，多产自佛罗里达州、南加州和德州的部分地区。

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Dutch Gold Honey Orange Blossom, 16 oz

Naturally delicious honeys, like this orange blossom honey, which is made from the nectar of the orange blossoms
Dutch gold
Honey is a flavorful honey created from a natural gathering of nectars from various flowers and flowering trees.

鼠尾草蜜 Sage

鼠尾草蜜主要产自加州，颜色浅，味道温和，结晶速度慢。

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Honey Pacifica Sage Raw Honey, 16 oz

HARVESTED IN CALIFORNIA: We harvest our Sage California honey in spring from black button sage blossoms on the mountain slopes of Southern California. Sage flowers surround the hives, so the honey is an extremely pure sage. Unlike other raw honey, sage honey crystallizes at a much slower pace.
PACKED WITH PURITY: Our honey is extracted and packed with a delicate manufacturing process with strict quality tests. Pure unfiltered honey is unpasteurized, unheated, unfiltered, unprocessed and is Cold Packed to retain its natural nutrient and vitamin content. Our goal is to keep the honey as close as possible to how it’s found in the hive.
CRISP DELICATE & FLORAL AFTERTASTE: Honey Pacifica's Cold Packed Sage honey starts with a crisp flavor and finishes with a hint of floral aftertaste. The delicate flavor is a favorite amongst the chefs as it sweetens dishes without imparting strong honey flavors typical in darker colored honey.

图佩罗蜜 Tupelo

Tupelo 是一种落叶树，生长在佛罗里达州西北部，三月到五月开花。图佩罗蜜是一种顶级蜂蜜，浅金色，带有花香和果香，结晶速度非常慢。

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Tupelo Honey 32oz - 2 pound -Two pound Jar- from Sleeping Bear Farms Beekeepers in the Florida Apalachicola River Basin

Produced by our beekeepers
From the Apalachicola River in the Florida Panhandle
Buttery finish

百花蜜 Wildflower

百花蜜就是蜜源不确定、由多种花卉采集而来的蜂蜜。

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Sandt's Wildflower Honey, Unfiltered Raw Honey, Non-GMO Genuine, Pure Honey (2 lbs)

Pure Unfiltered Raw Wildflower honey
100% Pure & Unfiltered honey gathered from the nectar of numerous species of flowers or blossoms.
Taste, aroma and flavor will vary from season to season.

麦卢卡蜂蜜 Manuka

这个不是美国的蜂蜜，是采集自新西兰和澳洲的 Manuka 树花的蜂蜜。

2,434 个好评

Wedderspoon Raw Premium Manuka Honey KFactor 16+, 17.6 Ounce

MONOFLORAL HONEY: Our Manuka Honey is raw, never pasteurized, Non-GMO Project verified Manuka Honey, traceable from hive to home. Enjoy one 17.6 Oz BPA free, non-leaching poly jar filled with delicious KFactor 16 honey.
NEW ZEALAND HONEY BEES: Over a period of six weeks, New Zealand honey bees are hard at work producing tons of honey consumed globally every year. Our honey is raw, Non-GMO project verified and every jar is sourced, packed and sealed in New Zealand for the ultimate in authentic quality.
AUTHENTIC FLAVOR: As the honey crystals dissolve on your tongue, your taste buds will come alive as they recognize earthy notes and caramelized sugars. No need to refrigerate once opened.