美国大学的学杂费有多贵？前 100 名大学对比

大家都知道在美国上大学很贵。

根据全国教育统计中心的数据：

2020/21 学年，美国公立大学平均每年的学杂费（不含住宿等生活费用）为 $9,375 美元；按定值美元 (constant dollar) 计算，1999/2000 学年是 $5,205 美元，相当于去除通胀的情况下，20 年间增长了 80%。
相比之下，私立营利性大学反而最厚道 —— 2020/21 学年平均学杂费 $15,442，相比 1999/2000 学年只增长了 15%。
私立非营利大学则从每年 $23,521 增加到 $35,852，增幅达 52%。

至于为何私立「非营利」大学比私立的「营利」大学要贵这么多，我简单搜了一下，没看到特别令人信服的解释。如果您了解其中详情，欢迎赐教！

私立大学，不管你来自哪里，学杂费一样。公立大学有很大一部分经费来自州政府，因此对本州的居民要便宜很多，这一点在上面的图表中并没有体现出来。美国没有「户口」这么个东西，大家自由迁移，要成为「居民」并没有特别苛刻的条件，比如 211/985 学历、缴纳 xx 年社保等等。以我所在的 Virginia 为例，你只要搬到这里住满一年，就算是我们的居民了。你甚至都不用买房，租房也行 —— 不管是本州的公立大学，还是中小学的好学区，都不要求「在这里买房才算居民」。

College Board 统计的数据显示，2022 年，私立学校平均一年的总花费（包括学杂费和住宿等生活费）是 $57,570；公立大学，如果你是外州学生，一年总花费平均 $45,240 美元；但如果你是州内学生，则只需要 $27,940，整整省下了 $17,300 美元！公立学校对外国学生的收费，则各自的政策不同 —— 有些是跟美国外州学生一个价，有些则要更贵一些。

当然，什么数据都怕「平均」—— 有个粗俗的笑话说：「你爸和你妈还平均一个蛋蛋呢！」下面的数据来自 College Tuition Compare，是全美排名前 100 的大学的学杂费。因为有并列排名，所以其实有 104 所学校。

「薪水/学费比例」是指毕业 10 年后的平均年薪、除以本科生每年的学费。如果是公立大学，则有「州内本科/研究生」的学费，私立大学这两栏为 n/a —— 因为私立大学不管州内州外（甚至国外）都是一个价。

美国前排名前 100 高校学费等一览表

排名	学校	州	州外本科学费	州内本科学费	州外研究生	州内研究生	10年后薪水	薪水/学费比例	录取率	学生数量	毕业率
29	University of Florida	UT Utah	$28,659	$6,381	$30,130	$12,737	$65,700	2.29	23%	55,211	91%
97	University of South Florida	UT Utah	$17,324	$6,410	$21,126	$10,428	$48,500	2.80	44%	49,600	75%
55	Florida State University	UT Utah	$21,683	$6,517	$26,707	$11,553	$53,900	2.49	25%	44,161	83%
29	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	FL Florida	$37,550	$8,989	$30,819	$12,527	$68,800	1.83	17%	31,705	90%
72	North Carolina State University at Raleigh	FL Florida	$30,869	$9,128	$30,906	$11,700	$59,500	1.93	47%	36,700	84%
51	Purdue University-Main Campus	MA Massachusetts	$28,794	$9,992	$28,794	$9,992	$62,200	2.16	53%	51,528	83%
83	University of Iowa	GA Georgia	$32,316	$10,353	$31,511	$12,564	$62,000	1.92	86%	30,015	74%
83	Binghamton University	CA California	$28,203	$10,363	$25,570	$13,780	$68,100	2.41	42%	18,312	84%
77	Stony Brook University	CA California	$28,480	$10,560	$25,733	$13,943	$62,600	2.20	49%	25,710	78%
89	University at Buffalo	CA California	$28,702	$10,782	$26,178	$14,388	$62,100	2.16	68%	32,099	74%
38	University of Wisconsin-Madison	NY New York	$39,427	$10,796	$25,577	$12,251	$68,000	1.72	49%	48,956	89%
49	University of Georgia	CO Colorado	$30,220	$11,180	$26,576	$10,268	$59,100	1.96	43%	40,607	88%
55	University of Maryland-College Park	IN Indiana	$39,469	$11,233	$36,598	$17,448	$70,800	1.79	45%	40,792	88%
72	Indiana University-Bloomington	MA Massachusetts	$39,120	$11,447	$33,367	$11,468	$57,800	1.48	82%	47,005	81%
38	The University of Texas at Austin	PA Pennsylvania	$41,070	$11,698	$22,952	$12,036	$73,900	1.80	31%	52,384	88%
44	Georgia Institute of Technology-Main Campus	CO Colorado	$32,876	$11,764	$30,646	$15,570	$85,900	2.61	17%	45,296	92%
97	Auburn University	NJ New Jersey	$32,960	$12,176	$32,942	$12,170	$56,300	1.71	44%	31,764	81%
55	University of Washington-Seattle Campus	DC District of Columbia	$40,740	$12,242	$31,530	$18,057	$69,600	1.71	48%	52,319	84%
49	Ohio State University-Main Campus	CT Connecticut	$36,742	$12,485	$39,598	$12,997	$53,600	1.46	53%	60,540	88%
97	University of Colorado Boulder	IL Illinois	$38,962	$12,590	$36,570	$16,804	$59,700	1.53	81%	39,585	74%
67	Texas A & M University-College Station	PA Pennsylvania	$40,139	$12,605	$23,395	$10,687	$67,800	1.69	63%	74,014	83%
20	University of California-Los Angeles	NC North Carolina	$43,473	$13,401	$28,424	$13,322	$73,200	1.68	9%	46,430	92%
97	University of California-Merced	NC North Carolina	$43,863	$13,791	$28,591	$13,489	-		89%	9,103	72%
89	University of California-Riverside	NC North Carolina	$43,946	$13,874	$28,851	$13,749	$55,300	1.26	69%	26,809	76%
34	University of California-Irvine	NC North Carolina	$44,011	$13,939	$28,747	$13,645	$65,800	1.50	21%	35,937	84%
83	University of California-Santa Cruz	NC North Carolina	$44,312	$14,240	$29,315	$14,213	$53,800	1.21	47%	19,478	78%
20	University of California-Berkeley	NC North Carolina	$44,467	$14,395	$29,578	$14,476	$79,000	1.78	11%	45,307	93%
32	University of California-Santa Barbara	NC North Carolina	$44,689	$14,617	$28,974	$13,872	$62,400	1.40	26%	26,420	85%
62	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	VA Virginia	$34,920	$14,666	$32,433	$17,083	$67,100	1.92	57%	38,170	87%
38	University of California-Davis	NC North Carolina	$44,930	$14,858	$29,008	$13,906	$68,100	1.52	37%	39,679	87%
34	University of California-San Diego	NC North Carolina	$44,978	$14,906	$29,005	$13,903	$69,600	1.55	24%	42,006	89%
89	University of Delaware	IA Iowa	$37,930	$15,410	$18,664	$18,664	$64,000	1.69	74%	24,039	82%
97	University of Illinois Chicago	TX Texas	$30,841	$15,472	$28,422	$17,257	$61,300	1.99	79%	33,747	62%
77	Clemson University	MD Maryland	$39,502	$15,558	$23,912	$12,204	$58,900	1.49	43%	28,466	85%
62	University of Minnesota-Twin Cities	NH New Hampshire	$35,099	$15,859	$30,425	$20,315	$61,200	1.74	75%	54,955	84%
55	Rutgers University-New Brunswick	MN Minnesota	$33,963	$16,263	$34,182	$21,078	$68,100	2.01	66%	50,637	84%
77	Michigan State University	WI Wisconsin	$42,607	$16,617	$39,876	$20,382	$63,200	1.48	88%	50,023	82%
67	University of Massachusetts-Amherst	WA Washington	$38,171	$16,952	$33,750	$16,625	$57,700	1.51	64%	32,229	84%
41	University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign	TX Texas	$38,362	$17,782	$32,416	$18,131	$70,900	1.85	45%	56,916	85%
25	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	WI Wisconsin	$57,273	$17,786	$52,456	$26,226	$79,000	1.38	18%	51,225	94%
97	New Jersey Institute of Technology	MN Minnesota	$34,972	$18,512	$35,718	$25,224	$70,300	2.01	66%	12,332	74%
67	University of Connecticut	AL Alabama	$42,102	$19,434	$43,174	$21,262	$66,000	1.57	55%	27,003	83%
77	Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus	DE Delaware	$38,651	$19,835	$42,151	$25,015	$57,200	1.48	55%	50,028	72%
89	Colorado School of Mines	IL Illinois	$42,120	$20,040	$42,138	$20,196	$95,600	2.27	58%	7,403	83%
62	University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus	DE Delaware	$37,320	$21,080	$43,504	$26,142	$61,200	1.64	49%	33,767	84%
25	University of Virginia-Main Campus	VA Virginia	$57,374	$21,425	$34,832	$21,742	$79,400	1.38	19%	26,082	94%
41	William & Mary	VA Virginia	$47,196	$23,970	$35,136	$16,776	$74,500	1.58	33%	9,654	91%
89	Brigham Young University	SC South Carolina	$6,304	n/a	$7,932	n/a	$71,500	11.34	67%	34,464	77%
2	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	WA Washington	$57,986	n/a	$61,075	n/a	$153,600	2.65	4%	11,858	96%
3	Harvard University	WA Washington	$57,261	n/a	$53,760	n/a	$139,100	2.43	3%	30,631	97%
3	Stanford University	NC North Carolina	$58,416	n/a	$57,210	n/a	$141,300	2.42	4%	18,283	96%
7	University of Pennsylvania	DE Delaware	$63,452	n/a	$44,162	n/a	$131,600	2.07	7%	28,201	96%
1	Princeton University	MN Minnesota	$57,410	n/a	$60,410	n/a	$116,300	2.03	6%	8,842	98%
22	Georgetown University	MI Michigan	$62,051	n/a	$57,049	n/a	$125,200	2.02	12%	20,984	95%
3	Yale University	AL Alabama	$62,250	n/a	$46,900	n/a	$124,400	2.00	5%	14,776	97%
10	Duke University	FL Florida	$62,688	n/a	$61,522	n/a	$114,500	1.83	6%	18,023	96%
12	Dartmouth College	OH Ohio	$62,430	n/a	$61,056	n/a	$110,200	1.77	6%	6,744	94%
18	Columbia University in the City of New York	CA California	$65,508	n/a	$54,627	n/a	$115,600	1.76	4%	34,782	97%
89	Howard University	MI Michigan	$31,050	n/a	$36,022	n/a	$54,500	1.76	53%	12,886	64%
9	California Institute of Technology	NC North Carolina	$60,864	n/a	$60,657	n/a	$106,300	1.75	3%	2,401	93%
22	Carnegie Mellon University	DE Delaware	$60,854	n/a	$48,557	n/a	$103,000	1.69	11%	16,002	93%
15	Rice University	PA Pennsylvania	$54,960	n/a	$52,342	n/a	$91,600	1.67	9%	8,672	92%
6	University of Chicago	TX Texas	$62,940	n/a	$66,492	n/a	$103,000	1.64	5%	18,339	96%
18	University of Notre Dame	MA Massachusetts	$60,301	n/a	$60,116	n/a	$98,400	1.63	13%	13,105	96%
67	Yeshiva University	CA California	$48,800	n/a	$35,150	n/a	$78,800	1.61	63%	6,056	80%
17	Cornell University	CA California	$63,200	n/a	$30,019	n/a	$101,200	1.60	7%	25,898	94%
32	Tufts University	WA Washington	$65,222	n/a	$55,280	n/a	$103,300	1.58	10%	13,431	94%
51	Lehigh University	DE Delaware	$59,930	n/a	$27,200	n/a	$94,100	1.57	37%	7,394	87%
83	Stevens Institute of Technology	MN Minnesota	$58,624	n/a	$40,940	n/a	$91,900	1.57	46%	9,314	87%
83	Marquette University	NY New York	$46,670	n/a	$22,410	n/a	$70,700	1.51	87%	11,167	81%
67	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	WA Washington	$56,896	n/a	$29,040	n/a	$84,600	1.49	57%	7,308	87%
55	Santa Clara University	NC North Carolina	$57,534	n/a	$24,798	n/a	$85,300	1.48	52%	9,178	91%
7	Johns Hopkins University	IN Indiana	$60,480	n/a	$62,962	n/a	$89,300	1.48	7%	31,275	95%
10	Northwestern University	TX Texas	$63,468	n/a	$53,024	n/a	$93,400	1.47	7%	23,161	95%
22	Emory University	CO Colorado	$57,948	n/a	$46,700	n/a	$84,400	1.46	11%	14,841	90%
15	Washington University in St Louis	MO Missouri	$60,590	n/a	$60,590	n/a	$87,900	1.45	12%	17,012	93%
44	Case Western Reserve University	CT Connecticut	$61,584	n/a	$50,878	n/a	$89,300	1.45	27%	12,201	84%
36	Boston College	WA Washington	$64,176	n/a	$34,028	n/a	$92,500	1.44	17%	15,287	91%
51	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	CA California	$60,074	n/a	$61,673	n/a	$86,000	1.43	65%	6,968	84%
13	Vanderbilt University	TN Tennessee	$60,348	n/a	$53,722	n/a	$86,200	1.43	7%	13,710	93%
51	Villanova University	DE Delaware	$61,618	n/a	$21,307	n/a	$87,600	1.42	23%	10,383	91%
89	Elon University	FL Florida	$42,241	n/a	$19,494	n/a	$58,700	1.39	74%	7,123	83%
44	Tulane University of Louisiana	LA Louisiana	$62,844	n/a	$63,244	n/a	$86,300	1.37	11%	14,027	86%
25	University of Southern California	NC North Carolina	$64,726	n/a	$64,666	n/a	$88,800	1.37	12%	48,945	92%
13	Brown University	RI Rhode Island	$65,046	n/a	$63,866	n/a	$89,100	1.37	5%	11,189	96%
62	George Washington University	MI Michigan	$60,946	n/a	$33,984	n/a	$82,400	1.35	49%	25,939	84%
25	New York University	CA California	$58,168	n/a	$39,592	n/a	$78,600	1.35	12%	59,144	87%
97	University of San Diego	NC North Carolina	$54,554	n/a	$28,878	n/a	$71,100	1.30	53%	8,815	80%
77	Loyola Marymount University	NC North Carolina	$55,441	n/a	$20,748	n/a	$71,600	1.29	41%	10,165	79%
29	Wake Forest University	FL Florida	$62,128	n/a	$39,328	n/a	$79,600	1.28	21%	8,963	90%
55	University of Miami	UT Utah	$57,194	n/a	$42,816	n/a	$72,900	1.27	19%	19,402	84%
83	Gonzaga University	DC District of Columbia	$50,735	n/a	$19,811	n/a	$63,800	1.26	70%	7,253	85%
72	Southern Methodist University	PA Pennsylvania	$61,980	n/a	$36,864	n/a	$77,900	1.26	52%	12,053	82%
72	American University	MI Michigan	$53,889	n/a	$39,126	n/a	$67,700	1.26	41%	13,885	79%
44	Northeastern University	WA Washington	$60,192	n/a	$27,009	n/a	$74,200	1.23	7%	30,013	91%
55	Pepperdine University	NC North Carolina	$63,142	n/a	$39,720	n/a	$77,600	1.23	49%	10,030	83%
41	Boston University	WA Washington	$62,360	n/a	$61,924	n/a	$75,900	1.22	14%	36,714	89%
36	University of Rochester	CA California	$61,678	n/a	$42,668	n/a	$74,300	1.20	39%	12,197	86%
89	Texas Christian University	PA Pennsylvania	$53,980	n/a	$33,708	n/a	$62,600	1.16	56%	12,273	83%
72	Fordham University	CA California	$58,082	n/a	$23,950	n/a	$67,000	1.15	54%	16,556	83%
62	Syracuse University	CA California	$60,135	n/a	$44,790	n/a	$69,200	1.15	52%	22,698	82%
77	Baylor University	PA Pennsylvania	$51,738	n/a	$38,772	n/a	$58,400	1.13	46%	20,709	82%
44	Brandeis University	WA Washington	$62,322	n/a	$55,224	n/a	$69,000	1.11	39%	5,581	88%
97	Clark University	WA Washington	$52,352	n/a	$47,730	n/a	$54,700	1.04	50%	3,770	79%

学杂费最贵的是哥伦比亚大学，本科每年 $65,508、研究生每年 $54,627；毕业 10 年后平均薪资 $115,600，按本科学费计算的话，薪水/学费比例大约是 1.76。

每年学杂费超过 $64,000 的高校还有塔夫茨大学、布朗大学、南加州大学、以及波士顿学院。

学杂费最便宜的是犹他州的杨百翰大学，每年仅 $6,304。它是一所私立大学，学费却吊打一众公立大学 —— 因为它是教会学校，每年从摩门教获得约 10 亿美元的资金，这个便宜的学费是给摩门教徒，如果你不是摩门教徒的话，学杂费会翻约一倍。

摩门教徒一百八十多年前被迫害，从东海岸一直逃难到落基山，在当时还属于墨西哥的犹他定居。如今，犹他州有 200 多万摩门教徒，占全州人口的 55%、占全美摩门教徒的 1/3。

除了杨百翰大学这个特例外，其他本科学杂费在 $20,000 以下的还有南佛罗里达大学、佛罗里达州立大学、宾汉姆顿大学、石溪大学、佛罗里达大学、布法罗大学、普渡大学，全部都是公立大学。

如果是州内学生、上公立大学的话，学杂费最便宜的是爱荷华大学，本科每年仅 $10,353；其他 $11,000 以内的还有宾汉姆顿大学、石溪大学、布法罗大学、威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校。

除了杨百翰大学这个特例外，毕业 10 年后薪水与本科学费之比 —— 大致可以认为投入产出比 —— 最高的是南佛罗里达大学，虽然毕业后薪水不高，10 年后平均才 $48,500，但人家学费低呀！州外本科学费仅 $17,324，薪水与学费之比高达 2.8。

其他「投入产出比」很高的学校还有麻省理工学院、佐治亚理工学院等。麻省理工虽然学费很贵，本科生 $57,986 一年，但毕业 10 年平均薪资高达 $153,600，薪水/学费比例达 2.65，还是很值的！

3 条参考资料

[1]. NCES. Average undergraduate tuition, fees, room, and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1963-64 through 2020-21

[2]. College Data. How Much Does College Cost?

[3]. College Tuition Compare. US Top 100 Colleges Tuition Comparison. Accessed Oct 30, 2023.

Derek Yang

生于湖南，求学于北京，先后在广东、北京、DC 工作。一代移民，生活在美东小镇。

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