这几个月在家工作，某天突然听到后院有「橐橐」的响动，出门一看，竟然是一只啄木鸟作怪，已经在我的屋檐上啄出了好几个大洞！
啄木鸟为何会在房屋上啄洞？
啄木鸟在房屋上啄洞大多是因为以下四种情况：觅食、占地（求偶）、筑窝、囤粮。
- 觅食
有时，啄木鸟的到来是有用的警告：你的房屋可能有虫害。
康奈尔大学鸟类学实验室的文章介绍，如果啄木鸟是在觅食的话，它们啄的洞一般比较小、并且排列不规则。啄木鸟喜欢吃木匠蜂（carpenter bees）、切叶蜂（leafcutter bees），以及草袋虫的幼虫（grass bagworms），如果啄木鸟经常来你家房子，可能是在你家寻觅（或者已经找到了）食物，所以最好及时检查下你家是否有虫害情况，如果有的话尽快请专业人士来处理。解决了虫害问题之后，啄木鸟自然也就不来了。
- 占地（求偶）
如果啄木鸟在你家使劲啄洞，并且发出很大的敲击声，它们可能是在宣示领地，并以此吸引配偶。这种情况多发生在3-5月份。
- 筑窝
啄木鸟频繁来你家的另一个原因可能是它看上了你家这块风水宝地，要在这里筑巢。如果是这种情形，它们啄出来的洞通常又圆又大。
- 囤积食物
如果你居住在西部，你家有可能会碰上 Acorn Woodpecker 「橡树啄木鸟」。这种啄木鸟有一个恼人的操作，就是啄洞囤食。它可能会在你家房子上啄出几十个甚至数百个橡子大小的洞，然后在每个洞里放上一个新鲜的橡子。
图：© Brian Sullivan | Macaulay Library
如何驱逐啄木鸟？
所有种类的啄木鸟都受《候鸟条约法》（Migratory Bird Treaty Act；MBTA）保护。法案规定，任何人不得捕杀、骚扰、拥有、进口、出口、运输、出售、购买候鸟，啄木鸟就在名单上。所以，驱逐啄木鸟的前提是不能伤害它们，包括鸟蛋和幼鸟 -- 如果有幼鸟，你得等到他们长大、永久离开鸟巢后，才能驱赶它们的父母，通常是在仲夏前后，但可能会根据物种的不同而有所不同。
除虫
检查房屋是否有虫害情况。如果有的话，及时除虫。
补洞
把它们啄的洞都封上，重新刷上漆。屋檐等地方如果损坏严重，可以考虑整个替换为 PVC 材质，啄木鸟就不会再光顾啦。
装防护网
在房子损伤区域装上鸟网或者是钢丝网、塑料网等，可以有效抵挡大部分种类的啄木鸟。
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吓跑它们
- 啄木鸟不喜欢反光的东西，可以在屋子周围挂上一些闪亮的物品，比如锡纸、磁带条或反光带，等等。你家里有不用的废弃 CD 光碟之类，挂起来也有同样的效果，就是不大美观，我还听说有迷信的邻居可能会怀疑你作法下降头咒……
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- 在木椽上放猫头鹰或老鹰的模型，它们是啄木鸟的天敌。能转动脑袋的更佳。
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- 在房子周围悬挂旋转器或风铃，当有风的时候，这类快速移动的物品也有可能吓跑啄木鸟。
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- 有专门驱赶鸟的发生装置，可以持续发出啄木鸟求救声以及猛禽的叫声，以此吓走啄木鸟。高级一些的发声装置还配有探测功能，一旦探测到有物体靠近，就会发出声音。缺点是比较贵。
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不管是反光物体、猫头鹰模型、风铃，还是发声装置，都无法100%保证能赶走你家的啄木鸟，因为每种鸟、甚至每只鸟都不一样，并且每家房子的地形条件、乃至气候等也千差万别。反光条等，在阳光充足时最有效；旋转器和风铃，则必须要经常有风，才能起作用。如果以上办法都赶不走你家的啄木鸟，应该联系当地政府的野生动物部门（wildlife department）、或 USFWS。只有在取得它们的许可之后，你才能采取更加激进、可能会伤害啄木鸟的措施，比如下套、拿枪打它们，等等。
推文转发
如果啄木鸟看上了你家房子，多半是因为觅食、占地（求偶）、筑窝、或屯粮。先检查是否有虫害，啄的洞应该补上，可以通过防护网、反光带、会动的猫头鹰模型、风铃、以及专门的发生装置来尝试驱赶；注意不能伤害它们，是违法的！ Click To Tweet常见问题
为什么鸟会啄我家房子？
啄木鸟在房屋上啄洞大多是因为以下四种情况之一：觅食、占地（求偶）、筑窝、囤粮。
驱逐啄木鸟是违法的吗？
啄木鸟受《候鸟条约法》保护，捕杀和伤害它们是违法的；只能使用不会造成伤害的方式来驱赶它们。
怎样驱赶啄木鸟？
先检查是否有虫害。常见的驱赶的方式包括防护网、反光带、会动的猫头鹰模型、风铃、以及专门的发生装置，等等。
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