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美国 10 年来最受欢迎的大学专业及变化

根据国家教育统计中心 (National Center for Education Statistics) 的数据,美国每年大概会发 500 万个学位或证书。比例的话,以最后统计的 2020/2021 年为例:

  • 结业/资格证 (Certificate) 占 19.23%
  • 专科 (Associate’s) 学位占 20.10%
  • 本科 (Bachelor’s) 学位 40.08%
  • 硕士 (Master’s) 学位 16.82%
  • 博士 (Doctor’s) 学位 3.76%

最新的 2021/2022 学年,美国共发出 499 万个学位/证书,比 2020/2021 学年略有下降。其中,人数最多专业的分别是:

  • 医疗健康:共发出 89.4 万个学位/证书,相比 10 年前增加 13.75%。
  • 商业/管理/营销:80.6 万个学位/证书,上升 9.54%。
  • 人文科学/通识教育:53.7 万个学位/证书,上升 39.9%。
  • 教育:31.7 万个学位/证书,下降 10.18%;数量最多的前 10 个专业,只有教育和视觉/表演艺术两个类别的学位/证书下降。
  • 计算机/IT:发出 24.9 万个学位/证书,10 年来剧增 100%,不但是前 10、前 25 里增幅最大的专业,而且在所有专业中,增幅仅次于军事技术/应用科学和科学技术/技术员 —— 这两个专业虽然增幅很大,分别为 303% 和 116%,但其实基数很小,2021 年发出的学位/证书分别仅用 4,192 和 6,899 个,是非常小众的专业。

过去 10 年美国最受欢迎的学位及变化

学科20102021变化
农业/动物/植物/兽医 Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related Sciences28,70947,79266.47%
自然资源与保护 Natural Resources and Conservation19,16029,90956.10%
建筑 Architecture and Related Services18,87017,893-5.18%
区域/民族/文化/性别研究 Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, and Group Studies12,22712,3270.82%
传媒/新闻 Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs96,860111,88615.51%
通信技术 Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services12,23813,68011.78%
计算机/IT Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services124,601249,17799.98%
烹饪/娱乐/服务 Personal and Culinary Services45,34035,243-22.27%
教育 Education352,588316,677-10.18%
工程 Engineering128,254188,08346.65%
工程/技术 Engineering Technologies and Engineering-related Fields83,18276,766-7.71%
外语/文学/语言学 Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics30,22924,800-17.96%
家庭/消费/人类科学 Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences49,55152,7516.46%
法律 Legal Professions and Studies73,44665,887-10.29%
英语/文学 English Language and Literature/Letters67,46149,244-27.00%
人文科学/通识教育 Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities383,877537,06639.91%
图书馆学 Library Science8,5486,895-19.34%
生物/生物医学 Biological and Biomedical Sciences113,137173,82553.64%
数学/统计学 Mathematics and Statistics26,60145,50971.08%
军事技术/应用科学 Military Technologies and Applied Sciences1,0404,192303.08%
多/跨学科研究 Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies77,806112,43444.51%
公园/娱乐/休闲/健身/体育 Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies46,31671,48154.33%
哲学/宗教 Philosophy and Religious Studies15,99616,4032.54%
神学/宗教职业 Theology and Religious Vocations26,84024,155-10.00%
自然科学 Physical Sciences39,44947,28519.86%
科学技术/技术员 Science Technologies/Technicians3,1956,899115.93%
心理学 Psychology137,574193,52340.67%
国土安全/执法/消防/防护 Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting, and Related Protective Service128,928134,0503.97%
公共管理/社会服务 Public Administration and Social Service Professions76,36495,90525.59%
社会科学 Social Sciences176,718179,5411.60%
建筑工程 Construction Trades28,42129,3403.23%
机械与维修/技术员 Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians76,58983,5669.11%
精密制造 Precision Production26,42443,39664.23%
运输/物流 Transportation and Materials Moving22,48520,830-7.36%
视觉/表演艺术 Visual and Performing Arts145,389143,315-1.43%
健康/医疗 Health Professions and Related Programs785,803893,84813.75%
商业/管理/营销 Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services736,595806,8389.54%
历史 History40,78728,526-30.06%

如果我们再仔细看一下 2021/2022 的数据:

  • 除了拉丁裔外的所有族裔,最大的专业都是健康/医疗。
  • 拉丁裔最大的专业是人文科学/通识教育(让我意外)。
  • 所有族裔学商业/管理/营销专业的人都很多。在拉丁族裔里是第 4、其他所有族裔里是第 2 大专业。
  • 亚裔学计算机/IT 的比例最大。计算机/IT 是亚裔的第三大专业,而在拉丁族裔里它只是第 8 大专业,在其他所有族裔里是第 5 大专业。
  • 如果看非居民外国人 (Nonresident Alien) 的话,第一大专业是商业/管理/营销,第 2 是计算机/IT,接下来是工程、社会科学、健康/医疗。像人文科学/通识教育这种不好找工作的专业,落到了第 8 位。

美国 2021/2022 颁发学位

学科所有人原住民亚裔非裔西裔太平洋岛民白人多种族未知种族外国人
农业/动物/植物/兽医 Agricultural/Animal/Plant/Veterinary Science and Related Fields47,7922961,2291,7966,6246833,1691,6651,2611,684
自然资源与保护 Natural Resources and Conservation29,9092421,1477913,2155520,8811,3199561,303
建筑 Architecture and Related Services17,893501,3669582,958208,3156133983,215
区域/民族/文化/性别研究 Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, and Group Studies12,3272738451,4912,897394,959794284745
传媒/新闻 Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs111,8863545,29512,39319,18419960,9784,9712,9195,593
通信技术 Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services13,680618091,9482,708206,067608612847
计算机/IT Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services249,17791833,13625,09829,002511103,2588,68110,63037,943
烹饪/娱乐/服务 Culinary, Entertainment, and Personal Services35,2433111,1427,7247,1227815,6061,3141,506440
教育 Education316,6771,9779,82133,61443,931602197,4758,48714,3966,374
工程 Engineering188,08341321,1757,45120,84619991,9496,5944,49834,958
工程/技术 Engineering/Engineering-related Technologies/Technicians76,7665493,6336,50312,09816344,9772,3322,7993,712
外语/文学/语言学 Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics24,800891,5201,0936,8612311,6711,0536311,859
家庭/消费/人类科学 Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences52,7513643,0387,13114,43411423,6881,8031,267912
法律 Legal Professions and Studies65,8874553,4215,7758,59710433,8132,1123,6737,937
英语/文学 English Language and Literature/Letters49,2441922,2073,9978,1096429,7092,2141,7311,021
人文科学/通识教育 Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities537,0663,56131,50459,078148,4021,254244,37822,00016,30410,585
图书馆学 Library Science6,89533239357748104,93322329854
生物/生物医学 Biological and Biomedical Sciences173,82557325,40114,09126,87326384,9417,6794,3469,658
数学/统计学 Mathematics and Statistics45,509766,0801,3564,9944317,7911,3991,13012,640
军事技术/应用科学 Military Technologies and Applied Sciences4,19217168389592132,429167274143
多/跨学科研究 Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies112,43450911,6589,98524,55023950,1614,5133,9676,852
公园/娱乐/休闲/健身/体育 Parks, Recreation, Leisure, Fitness, and Kinesiology71,4813593,5368,92812,13818139,4852,9301,8202,104
哲学/宗教 Philosophy and Religious Studies16,403516828511,6442911,217528550851
神学/宗教职业 Theology and Religious Vocations24,1551139573,6041,8666313,8545501,6931,455
自然科学 Physical Sciences47,2851604,5792,2395,9474724,5941,9071,1756,637
科学技术/技术员 Science Technologies/Technicians6,899333909951,755133,160263151139
心理学 Psychology193,52392212,76021,54042,88735893,8048,3317,1875,734
国土安全/执法/消防/防护 Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting and Related Protective Services134,0509223,63219,33234,71241362,8704,4156,3381,416
公共管理/社会服务 Public Administration and Social Service Professions95,9056953,23717,96517,11220447,0253,2583,8542,555
社会科学 Social Sciences179,54170114,05015,45137,81938082,1277,8794,96916,165
建筑工程 Construction Trades29,3403556422,7055,7867517,6317071,292147
机械与维修/技术员 Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians83,5666512,7168,91218,95323244,1792,8954,392636
精密制造 Precision Production43,3966366293,6317,45911727,9011,1661,700157
运输/物流 Transportation and Materials Moving20,8302766024,5012,4615510,2466991,184806
视觉/表演艺术 Visual and Performing Arts143,3156419,23211,49824,29521074,4186,5145,44511,062
健康/医疗 Health Professions and Related Programs893,8485,73868,830120,398138,5512,701472,06828,03644,30313,223
商业/管理/营销 Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services806,8384,28158,68291,033122,0951,907405,36024,75039,96558,765
历史 History28,5261139251,3404,7033318,7041,185919604

生于湖南,求学于北京,先后在广东、北京、DC 工作。一代移民,生活在美东小镇。

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