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本文由新未名律师事务所合伙人杨谦律师提供,联系方式 qian.yang@nwmlaw.com
图:pexels.com
EB-1A 和 NIW 做为移民美国花费最少的方式,一直都受到专业人士的青睐。需要强调的是,这两种移民方式都不只限于科研人员,我们就为各行各业有一定成绩的申请人获得了 EB-1A 和/或 NIW 申请的批准,最近我们又为一位国内的软件工程师获得了 NIW 的批准。
这位申请人早年在美国获得计算机博士学位,毕业以后就回中国工作,先后任职百度以及一家韩国电子商务公司。最初申请人提供给我们的只有几篇发表于十几年前的论文,因此申请的难点是如何发掘近年的证据,来证明他持续在业内做出贡献。首先我们找到了申请人在四年前参加业内峰会并发言的证据,强调他被邀请是因为在业内的知名度。然后,我们将他在任职过的两家公司参与的专利作为亮点,从他任职过的两家公司同事那里获得证明信,描述这两个专利是如何被使用的,最后我们指导申请人接受了一系列媒体采访,突出其在技术进步上的贡献。通过这些努力,我们成功填补了申请人早年的研究与之后工业界工作之间的空白,申请成功获批,没有收到 RFE。
通过这个申请以及我们之前的成功案例:《绿卡成功案例 – 转行软件工程师获得 NIW 批准 》和《绿卡批准案例 – IT 专业人才 EB1A 被杀手 IO 拒, 我们为他上诉后成功获批 》),我们可以看出,在工业界工作的软件工程师完全可以通过 EB-1A 和 NIW 获得美国绿卡,如果您的背景情况类似,对获得美国绿卡感兴趣,可以将简历发给我们,我们会为您做评估。
绿卡成功案例 – 转行软件工程师获得 NIW 批准 最近若干年,IT 行业在美国成为热门,工作机会多、工资高。这吸引了很多有理工科相关背景而原先非计算机专业的人士,包括中国留学生和访问学者,投身于这个行业。
但是,转行之后,很多面临的却是如何办理绿卡的问题。有的公司支持 PERM 绿卡,但是这样会造成换工作上的不方便,面对其它公司开出的优厚条件,往往因为 PERM 绿卡申请还在 pending 或者还处于排期而只能放弃。NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡,虽然不需要雇主支持,对文章数和引用数的要求也远比 EB-1A 杰出人才绿卡低,但是,如何将自己的学历跟 IT 行业的工作挂钩,如何理顺这个过程中的连续性,以及如何证明工作对于国家利益的重要性,成为申请的难点。
最近,我们新未名律所就为一位原本在石油工程(petroleum engineering)领域获得硕士学位,之后转行做软件工程师的申请人顺利获得 NIW 的的批准。
这位申请人在加拿大一所大学获得硕士学位,研究的方向是油田产量预测以及二氧化碳吸附技术数据分析。毕业以后曾经在几家能源公司任职,之后转行去了软件公司从事软件开发工作。虽然申请人有几篇学术论文,但都是差不多十年前攻读硕士学位期间发表的。
对于转行的问题,我们抓住申请人在硕士期间的研究以及之后工业界工作的内核,将他的领域定义为开发计算机工具用于解决实际问题,而不是石油工程或者软件工程这些既定的学科领域。这样做的好处是同时解决了申请人在工业界长时间工作没有文章这样可视化成果的问题。我们在申请信里详细的描述了申请人是如何将他在硕士期间学到的技能应用到工业界项目中的,同时请雇主出具了证明信。
最后,因为计算机在各个工业领域以及日常生活已经不可或缺,计算工具的重要性不言而喻,我们因此强调申请人的工作不仅对工作的公司来说很重要,对整个国民经济和科技的进步都是有利的。
通过这些努力,我们解决了客户转行的问题,成功说服移民官申请人的工作具有延续性,顺利获得批准。
从这个成功案例可以看出,学术界的研究和工业界的工作不是割裂的,它们的表象并不重要,重要的是申请人在这两块经历里所使用的知识和技能是什么。只要抓住了这一点,就能将申请人在不同领域的经历有机的结合起来。同时,很多时候工业界的具体工作是比较难跟国家利益挂钩的,因此绕过这个外壳而强调其内核的知识和技能,则往往能更容易的证明它们对美国国家利益的重要性。
更多信息,请参考我们律所的文章:《转行转专业和没有博士学位的 NIW 和 EB-1A 绿卡批准 》。
成功案例-IT 专业人才 EB1A 被杀手 IO 拒, 我们为他上诉后成功获批 很多申请人都希望通过 EB1A 缩短等待时间,较快拿到美国绿卡。同时,众所周知,近年来,EB1A 申请的难度提高,批准率降低了。
在美国移民申请中,特别是对于 EB1A 杰出人才申请,申请人时常会遇到一些不讲道理的移民官。这些移民官往往会在补件通知(RFE)和对申请的决定(Decision)里面提出很多不合理的要求,忽视申请人递交的证据,或者是自创一些没有移民法作为根据的判定标准,不管申请人递交的材料多么详细和充足,最后都会拒掉申请。申请人往往把这一类移民官称作 「杀手」。最近,我们为一位遇到杀手移民官的 EB-1A 申请人(计算机专业人才)成功上诉到美国移民局办公室(Administrative Appeal Office,AAO),然后后获得了申请的批准。
这位申请人本来委托了另外一家律所为他准备和提交 EB-1A 申请,但是在回复了 RFE 以后不幸被拒。申请人接下来找到我们的时候,原本是希望我们能为他再次递交 EB-1A 申请,并没有打算上诉。然而,我们在对他此前收到的 RFE 补件通知和 Decision 拒信做了仔细的分析后,建议申请人考虑提交上诉。因为,一方面我们认为我们有把握挑战这位移民官拒绝申请的理由,另一方面我们希望为申请人保留这个申请较早的优先日期(优先日期是按照申请递交的时间计算,申请如果没有批准,则无法获得此优先日期),帮助他较快取得绿卡(申请人的孩子在美国留学和生活)。
申请人在中国国内从事计算机领域的研究,自己创办了一个公司,同时是一所学校的兼职教授。他在计算机领域的一些国际会议上发表过文章,参与了中国国内的一些科研项目,他的工作也被工业界应用并带来了显著的经济效益,申请人还获得过一些奖项。在 RFE 和拒信里,移民官提出,申请人满足获奖、著作、以及评审这三条 EB-1A 条件的基本要求,但是不满足 EB-1A 两步法要求里面的 「最终价值判定」(final merit determination)。在拒信中,移民官进一步提出,申请人虽然发表了一些文章,但是这些文章无法表明申请人满足 EB1A 的要求;申请人虽然参与了一些评审工作,但是这些工作也不能表明申请人满足了 EB1A 的要求。整个拒信除了只言片语简单的描述申请人不满足要求以外,都是模板语言,显示出移民官完全没有认真对待申请人的材料,也没有给出令人信服的拒绝申请的理由。
自从 2010 年美国第九巡回上诉法庭判决了 Kazarian 案例以后,移民局就开始使用所谓的两步法审理 EB1A 申请。也就是第一步先确定申请人是否满足 EB1A 十个条件里面的至少三条,然后第二步确定申请人的材料是否满足最终价值判定。移民局的指导性备忘录里明确指出,在第二步里移民官需要综合考虑申请人的所有证据 (USCIS officers then should consider all of the evidence in totality in making the final merits determination)。显然,在我们这个申请里,移民官恰恰是把申请人的证据逐个的拿出来,再判定单一的证据是否满足最终价值判定的标准,这显然跟 Kazarian 案例以及移民局自己的政策是违背的。
于是,我们紧紧抓住这一点,在上诉书中直接了当的指出我们不接受移民官拒绝申请的论据和结论(disagree with the immigrationofficer’s conclusion and the reasoning the immigration officer used to deny thepetition)。然后我们引用了 Kazarian 案例和移民局的政策(备忘录)作为论据,再次强调移民官没有把证据作为一个整体来考量(did not examine the evidencematerials in totality)。另外,我们还提出移民官在最终价值判定的时候,遗漏了很多重要的证据,移民官在拒信里除了讨论了文章和评审外,完全没有涉及其它证据材料。最后我们指出,移民官基于这样的论据得出的结论,是武断的,也是不符合 Kazarian 案例的。
我们在递交了上诉材料 7 个月后收到 AAO 的判决。在判决里,AAO 表示赞同我们的观点,然后再次列举了我们指出的移民官的种种失误,最后决定撤回移民官的拒绝申请的决定,把申请发回重新审理。很快,移民局根据 AAO 的判决,批准了申请。
从这个案例我们可以看出,通过仔细分析和找到移民官论证上的漏洞和失误,结合移民法和判例,完全可以利用上诉到 AAO 的方式让被拒的申请重新获得批准。
本文由新未名律师事务所合伙人杨谦律师提供,供教育和交流目的,不作为具体的法律建议。欢迎联系咨询。Email: qian.yang@nwmlaw.com
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