经济分析局 (BEA) 负责发布美国的 GDP (国内生产总值) 数据，包括未剔除通胀的名义 GDP (Nominal GDP)、以及剔除了通胀的真实 GDP (Real GDP)。GDP 是衡量一个国家经济健康状况的广泛指标，目前最新的数据是 2022/2023。下面是我们根据 BEA 数据整理的各州经济排名表、以及地图和占比图解。
各州 GDP 排名
- GDP 最大的是加州，2023 年 GDP 3.86 万亿美元，占全美 GDP 的 14.11%！真实年增幅为 2.5%。
- 超过万亿的州一共有5个，除了加州外还有德州、纽约、佛罗里达、伊利诺伊州。
- GDP 最小的州是佛蒙特，仅为 431 亿美元，大约是加州的 1%。GDP 不足 700 亿美元的还有怀俄明、阿拉斯加。
- 相比 2022 年，增幅最大的是北达科塔，真实增幅达 5.9%，其他增幅达到或超过 5% 的州还有德州、怀俄明、阿拉斯加、俄克拉荷马、内布拉斯加、佛罗里达。德州和佛罗里达都很厉害，在体量这么大的情况下，还能保持高速增长。相比之下，加州虽然总量比德州和佛罗里达大，但是增幅要小很多，仅为 2.1%，低于全美平均 2.5%。增幅最小的是特拉华州，扣除通胀之后，真实增长为负数 -1.2%，也是全美唯一一个真实 GDP 下降的州。
表格：2022/23 各州真实 GDP 及增速
（单位：百万美元）
州/汇总 2022 GDP 2023 GDP 变动 名义增幅 真实增幅 2022 人均 GDP 2023 人均 GDP 2022 全国 % 2023 全国 % California 3,641,643 3,862,171 220,528 6.10% 2.10% $92,190 $100,038 14.69% 14.11% Texas 2,402,137 2,563,508 161,371 6.70% 5.70% $78,456 $85,110 8.69% 9.37% New York 2,048,403 2,152,262 103,859 5.10% 0.70% $104,344 $110,781 8.11% 7.86% Florida 1,439,065 1,579,503 140,438 9.80% 5.00% $62,446 $70,557 5.37% 5.77% Illinois 1,025,667 1,082,968 57,301 5.60% 1.30% $82,126 $87,033 4.11% 3.96% Pennsylvania 911,813 965,067 53,254 5.80% 2.20% $71,160 $75,189 3.67% 3.53% Ohio 825,990 872,748 46,758 5.70% 1.20% $69,978 $74,739 3.22% 3.19% Georgia 767,378 805,397 38,019 5.00% 0.80% $69,253 $73,558 2.99% 2.94% New Jersey 754,948 799,305 44,357 5.90% 1.50% $80,490 $86,847 2.94% 2.92% North Carolina 715,968 766,919 50,951 7.10% 2.70% $68,243 $71,373 2.87% 2.80% Washington 738,101 801,515 63,414 8.60% 1.80% $93,193 $103,462 2.92% 2.93% Massachusetts 691,461 733,860 42,399 6.10% 1.80% $98,609 $105,884 2.79% 2.68% Virginia 663,106 707,085 43,979 6.60% 2.40% $74,789 $81,794 2.59% 2.59% Michigan 622,563 658,992 36,429 5.90% 1.50% $61,859 $66,198 2.49% 2.41% Colorado 491,289 520,389 29,100 5.90% 2.90% $82,954 $89,469 1.85% 1.90% Tennessee 485,657 523,240 37,583 7.70% 3.20% $67,473 $74,081 1.83% 1.91% Maryland 480,113 512,280 32,167 6.70% 2.10% $76,279 $83,565 1.92% 1.87% Arizona 475,654 508,344 32,690 6.90% 2.70% $62,365 $68,965 1.80% 1.86% Indiana 470,324 497,036 26,712 5.70% 1.40% $66,698 $73,047 1.84% 1.82% Minnesota 448,032 471,820 23,788 5.30% 1.20% $78,100 $82,885 1.80% 1.72% Wisconsin 396,209 413,967 17,758 4.50% 0.20% $68,192 $70,569 1.60% 1.51% Missouri 396,890 422,306 25,416 6.40% 2.20% $63,126 $68,623 1.58% 1.54% Connecticut 319,345 340,181 20,836 6.50% 2.10% $88,760 $94,876 1.30% 1.24% Oregon 297,309 316,461 19,092 6.40% 2.10% $70,548 $75,477 1.17% 1.15% South Carolina 297,546 322,259 24,713 8.30% 3.60% $56,066 $60,550 1.18% 1.18% Louisiana 291,952 309,601 17,649 6.00% 3.00% $61,313 $68,507 1.12% 1.13% Alabama 281,569 300,152 18,583 6.60% 2.50% $54,753 $59,174 1.08% 1.10% Kentucky 258,981 277,747 18,766 7.20% 3.50% $57,653 $61,961 1.03% 1.01% Utah 256,370 272,586 16,216 6.30% 2.50% $73,424 $80,476 0.96% 0.99% Oklahoma 242,739 254,134 11,395 4.70% 5.30% $59,894 $63,390 0.90% 0.93% Iowa 238,342 248,923 10,581 4.40% 1.30% $72,221 $78,209 0.96% 0.91% Nevada 222,939 239,398 16,459 7.40% 2.70% $67,962 $75,585 0.84% 0.87% Kansas 209,326 226,012 16,686 8.00% 4.30% $71,729 $78,348 0.84% 0.83% Arkansas 165,989 176,240 10,251 6.20% 2.50% $54,259 $57,657 0.63% 0.64% Nebraska 164,934 178,421 13,487 8.20% 5.20% $82,207 $91,553 0.66% 0.65% District of Columbia 165,061 174,796 9,735 5.90% 1.00% $242,853 $259,938 0.67% 0.64% Mississippi 139,976 146,401 6,425 4.60% 0.70% $47,190 $49,911 0.55% 0.54% New Mexico 125,541 130,202 4,661 3.70% 4.10% $57,792 $62,209 0.48% 0.47% Idaho 110,871 118,791 7,920 7.10% 3.50% $56,496 $60,980 0.41% 0.43% New Hampshire 105,025 111,102 6,077 5.80% 1.20% $75,565 $79,929 0.43% 0.41% Hawaii 101,083 108,023 6,940 6.90% 2.00% $68,207 $75,946 0.39% 0.40% West Virginia 97,417 99,511 2,094 2.10% 4.70% $53,852 $56,630 0.38% 0.36% Delaware 90,208 93,595 3,357 3.80% -1.20% $85,977 $91,207 0.35% 0.34% Maine 85,801 91,081 5,280 6.20% 1.90% $61,008 $65,785 0.33% 0.33% North Dakota 72,651 74,113 1,462 2.00% 5.90% $94,021 $95,082 0.28% 0.27% Rhode Island 72,771 77,322 4,551 6.30% 1.60% $65,362 $71,122 0.29% 0.28% South Dakota 68,782 72,421 3,639 5.30% 2.50% $74,268 $79,412 0.27% 0.26% Montana 67,072 70,560 3,498 5.20% 2.20% $57,945 $62,753 0.26% 0.26% Alaska 65,699 67,337 1,638 2.50% 5.30% $86,722 $92,272 0.24% 0.25% Wyoming 49,081 50,172 1,091 2.20% 5.40% $81,586 $86,880 0.18% 0.18% Vermont 40,831 43,130 2,299 5.60% 1.30% $62,771 $67,006 0.16% 0.16% United States 25,744,108 27,360,935 1,616,827 6.30% 2.50% $77,190 $81,630 100% 100%
各州 GDP 地图
下面是各州的 GDP 地图。颜色越深的州、GDP 越高，比如加州、德州、纽约、佛罗里达；颜色越浅的州、GDP 越低，比如中北部、以及东北部新英格兰的几个州。
各州 GDP 占比
下面这个图来自 Visual Capitalist，直观地展示了各州 GDP 在全美的比重。注意这个图使用的是真实 GDP（Real GDP），而不是名义 GDP（Nominal GDP），因此跟上面的地图有些不同。
