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美国钓鱼证及 2024 年免费钓鱼日

在美国想钓鱼,几乎所有州都要求持证上岗,除了夏威夷。有的州甚至还分为淡水钓鱼证和海水钓鱼证,没有买好钓鱼证就去钓,可是会被警察蜀黍罚哦。

钓鱼证种类和价格

一般来说,16 岁以上者就需购买钓鱼证才能在公共水域钓鱼,在私人水域钓鱼则无需钓鱼证。加州沿海公共的栈桥上(public pier)钓鱼不需要钓鱼证 [来源],仍然需要遵守尺寸、数量限制、季节等规定。有的州 16-20 岁的青少年、65 岁以上长者、军人有折扣价。

另外,持有钓鱼证也不等于可以随便钓,钓鱼者只能用钓竿,不可用渔网或电网。若是该水域中有三文鱼、虹鳟鱼等种类的鱼,还可能需要额外购买虹鳟鱼执照。以我所在的 Kansas 为例,钓鱼证分为以下几种。最基本的钓鱼证要 20 多块,有效期一年。

Kansas 钓鱼证一览表

钓鱼证种类价格
Resident$27.50
Nonresident$52.50
Resident Multi-Year Youth (16-20 yr old)$42.50
Resident Senior (65-74 yr old)$15.00
Three-pole Permit$8.50
Trout Permit$14.50
Paddlefish Permit$12.50
Youth (15 and younger) Paddlefish Permit$7.50
Handfishing Permit$27.50
Tournament Black Bass Pass$14.50

其他各州的钓鱼证价格可在 takemefishing.org 这个页面查看,拉到页面下方,选择你所在的州即可。或者搜索 fishing permit + 州。钓鱼证可能仅在本州有效,去到外州可能要购买当地钓鱼证。

不过,有些州、或者水域管理机构,互相承认对方的钓鱼证,这在共同分享一片水域的临州之间尤其常见,比如你有 Maryland、或者 Virginia 的淡水钓鱼证(freshwater license),那么在两州交界的波多马克河(Potomac River),你可以在 Maryland 河边钓、也可以在 Virginia 河边钓 [来源]。但是,这种「互相承认」的钓鱼证也可能有例外或细节需要注意,比如你有 Virginia 的海水钓鱼证(Virginia saltwater recreational fishing license),到马里兰海钓虽然不用买 Maryland license,但是需要先在马里兰免费注册 [来源]

买钓鱼证要提供社保号 SSN

根据联邦法律 42 U.S.C. §666,申请 professional license, driver’s license, occupational license, recreational license, marriage license 都需要提供社保号 [来源]。用于休闲娱乐的钓鱼证就属于 recreational license。这条法律的初衷是为了推进儿童和家庭福利,若有人不支付孩子的抚养费,地方政府可根据社保号,吊销其上述证件,包括钓鱼证。

如果你是没有资格获得 SSN 的留学生怎么办呢?需要去社保署开一封证明,参见 Idaho 州政府 Department of Fish and Game(IDFG)的说明 [来源]

You will need to provide a statement from the social security administration on their letterhead explaining the individual(s) do not have a social security number. This documentation will need to be provided to an IDFG regional or headquarters office. We can then set up the individual(s) profile in the license system.

当然,各地具体执行情况可能不同,有些店员可能懒得问你 SSN。

哪里可购买钓鱼证

Walmart、户外用品店(如 Dick’sCabela’s)、渔具店都可以购买,当地的 Dept of Wildlife 通常也提供网上购买。购买时需要出示 Photo ID。购买后可询问清楚当地的法规,或向店员要一本指南,或搜索 fishing regulation + 州。记得确认钓鱼证的有效期,有的州是到当年的 12 月 31 日,不管你是几月份买;有的州则是自购买日起有效期 365 天。

今年的免费钓鱼日

每个州都会提供一天或几天允许公众免费钓鱼,无需钓鱼证。当地 Dept of Wildlife 甚至还会举办活动,免费提供钓竿等,是家庭共欢乐的好机会。2024 年免费钓鱼日如下 [来源]

免费钓鱼日期
AlabamaTBA
AlaskaFree year-round for below 15 and above 61
ArkansasJune 7-9, 2024
ArizonaJune 1, 2024
CaliforniaJuly 6 & Aug 31, 2024
ColoradoJune 1-2, 2024
ConnecticutMay 11, June 16, & Aug 10, 2024
Washington DCTBA
DelawareTBA
FloridaApr 6-7 & June 8-9 (freshwater);
June 1-2, Sept. 7 & Nov. 30, 2024 (saltwater)
GeorgiaJune 1, June 8, & Sept 28, 2024
Hawaii365 days a year! (Marine only)
IowaJune 7-9, 2024
IdahoJune 8, 2024
IllinoisJune 14 – 17, 2024
IndianaMay 12, June 1-2, & Sept 28, 2024
KansasJune 1-2, 2024
KentuckyTBA
LouisianaJune 8-9, 2024
MaineFeb 17-18 & June 1-2, 2024
MarylandJune 1, June 8 & July 4, 2024
MassachusettsJune 1-2, 2024
MichiganFeb 17-18 & June 8-9, 2024
MinnesotaFree in most state parks year-round
MissouriJune 8-9, 2024
MississippiJune 1-2, 2024
MontanaJune 15-16 (Father’s Day weekend)
North CarolinaJuly 4, 2024
North DakotaTBA
NebraskaTBA
New HampshireJan 20 & June 1, 2024
New JerseyJune 1 & Oct 19, 2024
New MexicoTBA
New YorkFeb 17-18, June 29-30, Sept 28, & Nov 11, 2024
NevadaJune 8, 2024
OhioJune 15-16, 2024
OklahomaJune 1-2, 2024
OregonFeb 17-18, June 1-2 & Nov 29-30, 2024
PennsylvaniaMay 26 & July 4, 2024
Rhode IslandTBA
South CarolinaMay 27 & July 4, 2024 (freshwater only)
South DakotaMay 17-19, 2024
TennesseeJune 8-16, 2024
TexasJune 1, 2024
UtahJune 8, 2024
VirginiaJune 7–9, 2024
VermontTBA
WashingtonJune 8-9, 2024
WisconsinJune 1-2, 2024
West VirginiaTBA
WyomingJune 1, 2024

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