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最近希望办理美国移民的人数增长很快,各种机构和中介闻风而动,开足马力推介 EB-1A 和 NIW,这也造成网上有很多关于绿卡申请的传言和猜测。作为一家有十几年成功经验为数千位中国学者和专业人士取得了 EB-1 和 NIW 批准的专业移民律所 ,我们认为有必要为大家提供专业的建议和确切的信息,避免空谈误事,造成「议论未定,而兵已过河」的问题,所以这里我们再次总结和强调一下为什么要尽快申请 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡的十大理由。
第一,NIW 相对比较容易批准。
说一千道一万,移民申请不批准,你关注排期、名额和后续的问题就没有什么用。当前,NIW 仍然相对容易批准,可以在博士毕业前申请(笔者本人就是这样得到批准的,参见我们律所关于 PhD 毕业前和没有博士学位的情况下怎样申请 NIW 的文章);可以在没有博士学位的情况下申请(我们新未名律所有很多成功客户是这样的);可以在论文和引用不多、没有审稿的情况下申请;可以在本科毕业加五年经验或者有特长的条件下申请;可以由非理工类非科研人士申请。尤其是,NIW 看重的是将来对本领域的贡献,对于各种在当前条件还不那么强,但是从事重要工作项目的申请人,会比较有利。至于 NIW 其他的优点,比如不需要已经有在美国的固定工作、不需要有雇主支持、可以个人自主申请、可以中途换工作、可以在 J1 豁免没有完成时办理(或者在申请人后回中国两年满足 J1 要求同时等排期),离开美国也不受影响,等等,很多人都已经听说过。
第二,可以获得较早的优先日期,避免两手空空。
目前 EB-1 申请有较多不确定性,有很多移民官不管申请人的背景如何,都会提出一些不合理的要求(比如坚持说申请人的科研贡献不够杰出),导致申请收到 RFE/NOID 以至于被拒(有一个原因可能是此前已经有较多的 EB-1 申请通过,积压下来,在等排期,移民局要控制人数)。因此,有一些人经过两三次 EB-1 申请都没有获得批准。那么,如果早申请了 NIW、已经有了 NIW 批准,也就有了较早的优先日期(即 NIW 申请被美国移民局收到的日期,而不是申请批准的日期),有了一个安全网,此后可以放心地在此基础上规划下一步的职场生涯。反过来,如果经过一两年的准备和尝试,孤注一掷的 EB-1 申请还是没有得到批准,那么,就只有两手空空,在绿卡申请的队伍里面连一个起始位置都还没有得到。
第三,可以有灵活性选择是否继续准备 EB-1。
NIW 和 EB-1 申请并非互斥,可以同时申请,也可以先后申请,互相并不影响。申请人先有了 NIW 的优先日期,此后如果自己的 EB-1 得到通过,同样可以使用这个较早的优先日期。这样,申请人可以从容积累条件,包括在本领域积累更多的成果和证据(包括但不限于论文、引用、审稿、媒体报道、获奖等等,或者取得雇主对 EB-1B 的支持),然后决定是否需要申请 EB-1。如果 EB-1 申请没有批准,需要的话也可以从头再来,再次提交,此后不管是什么时候 EB-1 批准了,都可以使用跟据 NIW 而取得的较早优先日期,既能选择排 EB-1 还是 NIW 的队伍,又能根据较早排期而排在任何一条队伍的前面位置。
第四,EB-1 的不确定性。
中国和印度以外的其他国家,很长时候都是 EB-1 类别有排期,而 NIW 没有,这反映了来自世界各地的 EB-1 申请人数众多,中国的 EB-1 申请人以后可能分到的名额减少。同时,印度 EB-2/EB-3 的排期形势造成越来越多的的印度人申请 EB-1C、中国 EB-5 的漫长排期也使得很多 EB-5 申请人转办理 EB-1C。因此,虽然目前 EB-1A 对于中国籍的申请人没有排期,但是在申请人众多的情况下,要么将来恢复到有排期的情况,要么批准条件会进一步提高。那么。万一到那时申请不幸被拒,就比较被动了。
第五,NIW 也陆续开放加急审理。
不少申请人之所以选择 EB-1A 是希望使用加急审理,尽早知道结果。目前移民局已经开放 NIW 的加急审理,以后还会继续扩大适用范围。预计今后 NIW 申请在使用加急审理的情况下可以在六个月内得到审批。
第六,EB-1, 2, 3 类别可以升降级,也减小了中国申请人这几个类别的排期差别。
比如,如果 NIW 排期拖长,一些 PERM EB-2 类别的申请人可以选择降级到 EB-3,另一些符合条件的申请人可以尝试申请 EB-1。这些策略,在过去若干个月的绿卡排期相继公布以后,已经在被中国申请人使用。以后这种现象会更普遍。参见我们律所的相关文章。
第七,中国申请人数量多,留学生和访问学者多。
根据美国联邦政府的统计数字,现在有三十多万中国留学生在美国(此外每年还会新来十万人),其中读博士的就有五万多人。另外,每年还有五万多中国人拿到访问学者和交流的 J 签证(包括家属,下同),一万人拿到跨国公司的 L 工作签证,近一万人拿到杰出人才 O 签证。相比之下,每年中国人拿到职业移民的 EB-1, 2, 3 类别绿卡加起来只有一万多人(其中包括主申请人和家属),以后可能会更少(因为,如前所述,每年能拿到的来自其他国家的剩余名额减少)。目前,中国 EB-1, 2, 3 类别申请人比印度的排期短,很大程度上是因为绝大多数中国留学生在毕业后没有拿到 H-1B 工作签证,或主动或被动地离开美国。但是这种情况不会长久 —— 中国留学生的数量在过去几年里才有显著增加,目前很多学生还在学校,或者一个学位读完后又读了另一个学位;他们陆续毕业后,中国绿卡申请人数会更多。应对这种情况,从政策角度来说,需要美国增加职业移民绿卡名额;从个人决策方面,则需要早做安排,在等绿卡的队伍进一步变长以前尽早办理自己的申请。
第八,向印度人学习。
Google、微软和其他一些大公司,CEO 都是印度人。印度申请人,尤其是 IT 领域的,在面临 EB-2 EB-3 的漫长排期前景下,没有放弃,而是设法取得了 H-1B 延期超过六年,H-4 EAD 等等福利,同时还在想办法增加给自己的绿卡名额。NIW 申请人在很多情况下比这些 IT 类员工有优势,比如不需要由雇主的支持、换工作灵活、不需要在工作变动后从头再来,如果离开美国到中国或者其他国家工作几年也可以不影响绿卡申请,等等(持 F-1 和 J-1 签证身份期间也可以申请,参见我们的其他文章和视频)。与在美国拿 H-1B 签证的几十万印度人相比(这里面已经有二三十万人取得了 I-140 批准在等排期),NIW 申请人的数量仍然是很少的,虽然中国留学生的人数大大超过印度(尤其是博士生数量)。从这方面出发,中国学生学者应当抓住时机,不要畏难放弃。现在选择坚持,避免以后后悔。
第九,近期不准备赴美定居的更加适合 NIW。
有不少申请人办理绿卡是为了方便将来孩子来美国上学,而目前孩子年龄还小并不需要马上赴美,同时申请人自己在美国以外也有自己的工作和事业,近期不打算获得绿卡(否则需要定期入境美国以保持绿卡有效),这样的申请人就更适合申请 NIW 而不是 EB-1A。NIW 三四年时间的排期刚好可以作为缓冲期,让申请人来处理和安排在美国以外的工作和其它事物,等到孩子年龄大了,排期也差不多排到,再申请移民签证登陆美国。
第十,一些中国申请人有迷之自信 ,以为不管什么时候,只要自己想要,绿卡就会轻松到来。
如前面提到,中国留学生在美国读博士的就有五万多人,按照平均读五年来计算,每年都会毕业一万人以上,还有往届毕业了正在用 OPT、H-1B、O-1 和 J-1 在工作的,还有每年几万来自中国的访问学者,还有从中国直接申请的,还有理工科以外商科文科艺术体育和其他类别的申请人,还有 EB-1C 跨国公司经理绿卡申请人。相比之下,每年中国批准的 EB-1 主申请人不过几千人(其中 EB-1A 可能只有两三千人)。这样悬殊的供需比例,解释了为什么 EB-1A 批准越来越难。那么,为什么就一定会批准你?美国并不欠你一张绿卡。在中国能拿出八十万美元办 EB-5 投资移民的,法律要求至少有一百六十万美元的资产或者二十多万美元以上的年收入,在中国算是通常意义的「成功人士」了吧?其中很多人(连上家属有将近十万人)还不是面对十几年的绿卡排期、子女超龄等等问题没有办法。而如果办理 NIW,只需要花这个费用的一个零头,还可以弯道超车,不需要等那么长的时间。对于基本符合条件的申请人,办理 EB-1A 当然可以,但是同时应当认真考虑同时办理 NIW,移民局的费用还不到 EB-1A PP 费用的一半。其他尚未符合 EB-1 条件的申请人更应当尽早考虑开始 NIW 的申请。
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临渊羡鱼不如退而结网。种一棵树最好的时机是十年以前,其次是现在。我们新未名律师事务所已经有十几年的历史,从多年前就积极支持中国学生学者和专业人士办理 NIW 绿卡申请。我们见到了很多在前一段时间申请 NIW 的中国人,目前已经可以提交 I-485,获得很多便利,在等待绿卡。也有一些当时没有申请,一直拖了下来,现在联系我们表示十分遗憾惋惜后悔的人。今天的世界人口已经达到 80 亿左右,每年还继续净增八千万,到 2050 年将达到一百亿左右。世界政治军事局势云谲波诡,疫情还在持续,全世界面对着前所未有过的变局。希望每一位读者都能利用好自己的时间,对自己负责。
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