带药品进美国需要向海关申报吗？

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我们介绍过入境美国如何填写海关申报表，有读者问：

「海关申报单上没显示携带药品选项，如果携带日常服用药品如何填写？」

海关申报单明确询问旅客是否携带了水果、蔬菜、植物、种子、食物、昆虫等，以及超过一万美元的货币或金融票据，确实没有询问是否携带有药品。从我找到的资料来看，并不需要主动申报。当然，如果海关官员问起你是否携带了药品，你必须如实回答，不能撒谎。

带药物进美国的常见注意事项

下面是 USCBP 官网关于携带药物的说明，包括注意事项，并未提出要主动申报 ^[来源]：

Can I travel with medications and medical devices, such as needles or oxygen tanks?
Prescription medications should be in their original containers with the doctor’s prescription printed on the container. It is advised that you travel with no more than personal use quantities, a rule of thumb is no more than a 90 day supply. If your medications or devices are not in their original containers, you must have a copy of your prescription with you or a letter from your doctor. A valid prescription or doctors note is required on all medication entering the U.S.
The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for pharmaceutical admissibility determinations. If you have any questions as to whether a specific pharmaceutical may be imported into the United States, please visit the FDA’s website, or call (301) 796-0356.

大致归纳如下：

通常来说不要携带超过 90 天的用量。
药物应在原包装里，最好像美国处方药物那样，瓶身有医生处方和病人姓名，参见本文顶部题图。
如果药物没有在原包装里，你必须随身携带医生处方或医生证明。
若不确定某种药物是否可以携带进入美国，可致电 FDA 或到其网站查询。

FDA 官网也对此有说明 ^[来源]，基本和上述信息一致，另外：

医生处方或说明需要是英文。
不可携带未经 FDA 批准的仿制药物。
只携带 90 天用量，若你要在美国呆更长时间，可将更多药物寄过来。

寄药物到美国也很麻烦

寄药也是件非常麻烦并且有风险的事情，若你想要这么做的话，仔细阅读 FDA 下面这段问答 ^[来源]。

Can you ship or mail a prescription medication to the U.S.?

In most cases, it’s illegal for people to import drugs into the United States for personal use. That’s because drugs available in other countries haven’t been evaluated or approved by FDA for use or sale in the U.S., so we can’t ensure that they’re safe and effective. FDA generally considers such drugs unapproved.

FDA understands that there are cases in which someone may need treatment with a foreign drug that’s not available in the U.S. and there are no other U.S. medicines available to treat the condition. FDA’s Personal Importation Policy provides instructions for FDA personnel relating to the personal importation of drugs that may be illegal in the United States. FDA considers the following when reviewing such an application:

The drug is for a serious condition for which there is no effective treatment available in the U.S.
There is no marketing or promotion of the drug to U.S. residents.
The drug doesn’t represent an unreasonable health risk.
You verify in writing that you’re importing the drug for your own personal use.
You have a letter, written in English, from your doctor saying the drug is a continuation of treatment that began outside the United States or you provide the name and address of a U.S. licensed physician who will supervise your use of the foreign drug. The letter should accompany the package and be addressed to a Customs and Border Protection officer or broker.
You’re not importing more than a three-month supply of the drug.

If the medicine is sent through the mail, Customs might detain it until an FDA inspector can examine it. This could take as long as a month. To speed things along, make sure the outside package is marked and states that it contains a letter to the CBP officer or broker. The best option is to send the package by a courier service and flag it so the U.S. Customs broker will alert FDA inspectors about the special circumstances for sending the package.

Derek Yang

生于湖南，先后在北京和广东学习与工作。2013年移居美国。EB-1 职业移民。非移民律师、非移民中介。Twitter @mrderekyang。

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