美国儿童自行车选购要点和型号推荐

美国孩子很小就开始骑自行车,我接女儿放学时看到好多小学生自己骑车回家,还有弟弟妹妹骑一辆带辅助轮的小自行车跟在后面。我女儿看到了也想学骑自行车,于是我去 Target 给她买了一辆最基本的公主风,然而孩子她爸表示粉得辣眼睛。要认真学骑车的话,公主风是不够的,还有很多要点得考虑。

自行车尺寸

自行车的尺寸,有的是指框架的高度,有的是指车轮的直径。在美国,儿童自行车的尺寸指的是车轮直径,不是框架高度。儿童自行车尺寸通常是 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 寸;18 寸及以下尺寸的儿童自行车带有辅助轮。在 Target 店里购买 20 寸以上自行车,店员免费帮你组装。

尺寸的测量
尺寸的测量

给孩子买自行车要看孩子的年龄、身高和腿长 [注]。有的孩子比同龄人高些,还有的孩子天生腿长,就可以使用稍大一个尺寸的自行车。下表是一个基本的数据,可看到身高范围有重叠。自行车的座椅和手把高度都可以调节,以孩子舒适度为准,如果孩子既可以骑上 14 寸自行车,也可以骑上 16 寸的,那么我们可以直接买 16 寸。

[注]  腿长指孩子站立时,裆部到脚跟的长度。

轮子直径年龄腿长身高
12″2-335-42cm85-100cm
14″3-440-50cm95-110cm
16″4-545-55cm110-120cm
20″5-855-63cm120-135cm
24″8-1160-72cm135-145cm
26″11+70cm+145cm+

轮子直径是一个大概的尺寸划分,市场上不同品牌的自行车,即使轮子直径相同,框架高度也会有差异。最准确的还是量取座椅(调至最低)和地面的距离,结合孩子的腿长。孩子初学自行车,身体平衡性还不是很好,出于本能,小孩会以双脚踏在地面来停车。让孩子坐在车上,双脚自然垂下,踩在地面上。脚掌能够平放在地面、膝盖稍微弯曲的自行车高度就是最适合的。如果孩子双脚无法自然地踩到地面(只能脚尖点地),就表示自行车太高了,要换一辆小尺寸的。

如果孩子以前有骑平衡车的经验,可以选择座椅高度比腿长高 1-1.5 寸的自行车。因为他们在骑行平衡车时身体平衡感已经训练得很好,不需要用脚掌踏在地面上来平衡身体。

儿童自行车的刹车方式

过山车式刹车(倒刹)Coaster Brake

用脚反向蹬脚踏来刹车。因为造价低,几乎不需要维护,超市体育部门卖的较低价位的儿童自行车几乎都是倒刹式的。好处是左右脚都可制动,轻重可以自己掌握。初学者手劲不够捏不死刹车把,倒刹式更方便。坏处是孩子初学自行车还不会连续踩脚踏板,很自然地会倒踩,车子就会停止行进,令孩子很 confused 。而且上坡路会比较难骑,坡度令孩子容易倒踩脚踏变成刹车。

16' Boys Major Damage/Magna
2,296 个好评
16" Boys Major Damage/Magna
  • Boys beginner BMX street/dirt bike with coaster brakes
  • Handlebar pad
  • Adjustable/removable training wheels

上图这辆自行车采用的就是 coaster brake,车把上没有刹车线。

手制式刹车 Handbrake

通过捏紧刹车把,带动刹车片停止车轮。手制式刹车效果比倒刹好,不会影响骑行者脚部动作,是比倒刹更好的一种刹车方式。但是手刹造价贵,需要维护,一些廉价的自行车手刹设计差,反而低龄儿童很难使用。好的手刹设计即使是 3 岁的儿童也能很轻易的捏紧,不过这样的自行车价位较高。

家长在购买时可以尝试用小指捏紧刹车,大人的小指握力和儿童的手指握力差不多。左右车把都有刹车把的,通常是左边控制前轮,右边控制后轮。如果只刹住前轮,车子容易翻覆,要教导孩子必须双手或者单用右手同时握住刹车把,不可只握住左边。若孩子是左撇子,可能会有点难度。

能熟练驾驭平衡车的孩子,可以选择手制式刹车,平衡车使用的就是手刹,如果孩子很熟悉平衡车,那么他们在使用手刹上就没有问题。

自行车重量

从材料安全性出发,我们希望自行车能够尽量是金属部件制造而非廉价的塑料,这就造成自行车重量对于孩子体重来说过重。理想中的自行车重量应该控制在孩子体重的 40% 以下,但是现实中很难达到。特别是对低龄儿童,一辆自行车的重量往往会超过儿童体重的 50% 。轻质自行车价位也较高,要看家庭财力了。

车把与座椅距离

孩子骑在车上时,上身应该是直立稍向前倾,双臂握住车把时,手肘稍弯曲。如果孩子肘部需要弯曲超过 45°才能握好车把,表示车把与座椅之间距离过短,或车把高度过高;孩子在骑行时膝盖容易撞到车架。如果孩子手臂得伸得直直的才能握到车把,表示车把与座椅之间距离过宽,或车把高度过矮;孩子身体绷太紧很容易疲惫。

车把与座椅之间距离太短,且车把过高
车把与座椅之间距离太短,且车把过高
车把与座椅之间距离过长
车把与座椅之间距离过长
车把与座椅之间距离适当
车把与座椅之间距离适当

齿轮增益比率 Gearing/Gain Ratio

我们只需要在购买单速自行车时关注齿轮增益比率,12-16 寸的儿童自行车都是单速自行车。简单来讲,齿轮增益比率决定了你需要用多大的劲儿来启动自行车,以及踩一圈脚踏板自行车能行进多远。

齿轮增益比率由车轮尺寸、踏板臂长度和齿轮齿数决定。低增益比用较小的劲儿就能让自行车开始行进,但需要踏很多圈(就像成人自行车上的低速档)。高增益比需要更大的劲儿才能使自行车开始行进,但是脚踏板踩一圈就能使车子前进很远(例如成人自行车上的高速齿轮)。所以对于初学者,低增益比的自行车能让他们更容易上手。随着年龄越大孩子越强壮,他们就能更舒适的驾驭高增益比的车。

很不幸的是,商店和厂商一般都不告诉我们他们的车子齿轮增益比是多少。我们可以询问店员或者联系厂商,增益比 3.0-3.3 属于低增益比;3.3-3.7 属于中等增益比(适合大多数人);3.7-4.5 属于高增益比。

车子宽度 Q Factor/Stance Width

车子宽度指的是两只脚踏板内侧之间的距离。太宽的自行车孩子必须张开双腿来踩踏板,不好用劲孩子也容易累。瘦小的孩子更要选择宽度稍窄的。宽度 5-6 寸的车适合大多数孩子,7 寸以上就太宽了(除非孩子比较丰满)。

我的 10 佳儿童自行车品牌

我的选择 Trek & Specialized ;最安全的儿童自行车 Guardian;最易维护的儿童自行车 Priority;经济型首选 Raleigh;最轻巧的儿童自行车 woom;环法大赛儿童自行车 Frog;耐用的儿童自行车 Cleary;适合越野的儿童自行车 Pello;不错的中档加国车 Park

Ethan & Freddy 在公园骑车

注意这些是我们认为的「最佳品牌」。如果是预算紧张的话,WalmartTarget 这些大型连锁店里有几十块的儿童自行车(甚至有一百块以内的成人自行车),不过一分钱一分货,质量会差一些;Dick’s 等运动用品店也有各式自行车。

查看详情:《美国 10 个最佳儿童自行车品牌

价位与部分型号推荐

一分钱一分货,好的儿童自行车高达 $400+,根据家庭财力,购买能力范围内最贵的没错。

美国 10 个最佳儿童自行车品牌

14″ 儿童自行车推荐

WOOM2,座椅高度 17″-20″,倒刹和手制式刹车双重刹车方式,重量 11.7 磅,铝合金框架,Gain Ratio: 2.95,Q Factor: 5.25″ 。

Pello Romper 14-Inch,  座椅高度 18.5″ – 22.5″,单手(右手)手制式刹车,重量 15 磅,铝合金框架,Gain Ratio: 3.57,Q Factor: 5.5″,轮胎宽度 2.1″,抓地力度很好,下坡草地不易打滑。

16″ 儿童自行车推荐

WOOM3,座椅高度 18.8″ – 23.8″,手制式刹车,重量 13 磅,铝合金框架,Gain Ratio: 3.34,Q Factor: 5.25″ 。

20″ 儿童自行车推荐

Magna Dynacraft Throttle Bike, 20-Inch Wheels Boys Bike with Kickstand
  • Sturdy BMX frame with high gloss finish
  • Two-piece pad set
  • Coaster brake

比较受欢迎的儿童自行车

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6,375 个好评
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头盔等配件护具

为了孩子的安全,头盔、护膝、护肘必不可少,护具不但骑自行车的时候佩戴,玩滑板、滑冰也可以戴。要确认头盔安全性达到标准,只要看头盔内侧有没有 CPSC 标签,法律要求 1999 年 3 月以后生产的头盔符合 CPSC 标准。

BELL Marvel Iron Man Hero Helmet, Red , Child (5-8 yrs.)
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  • Easy to adjust chin straps for a safer comfy fit
  • Aerodynamic Cooling Vents for cool comfortable ride
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Bell Minnie Ears and Bow Child 3D Multisport Helmet, Child (5-8 yrs.) (7081283)
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Raskullz AF1 Mohawk Multi-Sport Child 5+ Helmet with LED Lights
  • DESIGN - Mohawk lights up with LED lights. Auto shut off to prolong battery life.
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Kids Bike Helmet, Adjustable and Multi-Sport, from Toddler to Youth, 3 Sizes (Black)
1,075 个好评
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合适的头盔符合以下条件:

  • 扣好下巴系扣时,头盔应该要紧紧的戴在孩子头上,但不至于让他不舒服。
  • 尝试把头盔前后或上下移动时,头盔仍然紧密贴合头部。
  • 当孩子张开嘴巴时,他应该感觉到头顶头盔被拉下的压力。
  • 头盔应该保持水平,不会翻到脑袋后面去。
  • 头盔边缘与眉毛有 1 到 2 指宽度。
  • 孩子佩戴头盔时能正常听到和看到。
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