这篇文章整理自 FDA、克利夫兰医学中心的文章及相关论文,汇总了护肤品常见的成分及其功效。
α-羟基酸 / Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
AHAs 是一种有机酸,包括乙醇酸 (glycolic acid)、乳酸 (lactic acid)、苹果酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸在内的 AHAs 广泛用于化妆品配方中,其中最常见和有效的 AHAs 是乳酸和乙醇酸。在皮肤科应用中,AHAs 还被用作表面脱皮剂,用来改善角化病和痤疮 [来源]。
- 功效:含有α-羟基酸的面霜和乳液有助于改善细纹和皱纹,减轻不规则的色素沉着和老年斑,提亮肤色,缩小毛孔 [来源]。
- 副作用:使用初期可能产生轻微的刺激,皮肤感到刺痛;以及阳光敏感性。
- 使用注意:选择浓度为 10%~15% AHAs 的产品。同时,为了让皮肤适应 α-羟基酸,使用初期可以每两天使用一次 AHAs 护肤品,逐渐过渡到每天使用。
- Gentle Exfoliating Toner: Formulated with AHA, BHA, and Purifying Botanical Ingredients, our toner...
- Soothes, Refreshes & Softens Skin: 0.1% of AHA Gloylic Acid and BHA Betain Salicylate helps remove...
- Made with Natural Ingredients: 10% of Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Water and Salix Alba (Willow) Bark...
- ANTI-AGING RESURFACING PADS – These pads come fully saturated with a solution containing 20% of...
- BOOSTED WITH VITAMINS B5, C & E – Powerful antioxidants that will leave your skin fully hydrated...
- CONTAINS ALLANTOIN AND GREEN TEA & CALENDULA EXTRACTS – Allantoin helps to soothe and protect the...
- A great skincare routine begins with a great face wash to help your other beauty products work more...
- Instead of using a basic face wash that cleans only surface dirt, this cleanser uses potent...
- Our facial cleanser uses robust ingredients to not only clean your skin but give your complexion...
β-羟基酸 / Beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs)
BHAs 包括水杨酸 (salicylic acid)、β-羟基丁酸、热带酸和磷酸。目前,最常用于化妆品的 是水杨酸。AHAs 和 BHAs 都 能起到去角质的作用,但有声称 BHAs 可以有效地减少细纹和皱纹的出现,改善整体皮肤纹理,同时比 AHAs 刺激性小。 [来源]
- 功效:去除死皮,改善晒伤皮肤的质地和颜色;它能穿透充满油脂的毛囊开口,深入毛孔,因此也有助于改善和治疗痤疮。许多皮肤护理产品都含有水杨酸,有处方和非处方两种。
- 使用注意:含有水杨酸的产品应该含有防晒霜,或者同时使用其它防晒产品。对阿司匹林过敏的人、孕妇以及哺乳期女性不应使用水杨酸。如果你得了荨麻疹或瘙痒症,应停止使用水杨酸。水杨酸可能引起罕见的过敏反应,症状包括喉咙紧绷、呼吸困难、头晕、面部或舌头肿胀等,这时需要尽快就医。
- GENTLE NON-ABRASIVE LEAVE-ON EXFOLIATOR: with 2% BHA (Beta hydroxy acid) to unclog & diminish...
- Dramatically improves skin's texture for radiant youthful even-toned skin. Beta hydroxy acid (BHA...
- HYDRATE, BRIGHTEN & SMOOTH FINE LINES: Our unique, non-abrasive, leave-on exfoliant is gentle enough...
- Deep Face Exfoliator: The facial toner uses 2% BHA (salicylic acid) and papaya enzymes to gently...
- Minimizes Unwanted Shine: A water-light formula helps the astringent face toner draw out excess oil...
- Purifies and Refreshes: Deep Sweep face exfoliator is packed with nutrient-dense moringa that helps...
- TRIPLE ACTION CLEANSER: This AHA/BHA exfoliating cleanser delivers the benefits of a hydrating...
- SMOOTHS and POLISHES: Gently removing dull and dry skin, the skin smoothing polish reveals a more...
- EXFOLIATING TREATMENT: Giving facial skin a fresher appearance, the exfoliating facial cleanser is...
多羟基酸 / Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs)
与 AHAs 和 BHAs 类似,多羟基酸是一组用于治疗皮肤疾病的酸,但它们被皮肤吸收速度更慢,从而副作用更小,所以对于皮肤敏感的人是更好的选择。 [来源]
- 功效:去角质,增加皮肤中的抗氧化剂,增加皮肤水分,促进其它痤疮药物的渗透,改善皮肤外观,减少皮肤的色素沉着,缓解老化迹象。
- 副作用:皮肤刺激,引起轻微的灼热、刺痛或瘙痒。
- This long-lasting gel facial cleanser for sensitive skin works as a moisturizing acne face wash,...
- Ideal for daily cleansing while hydrating skin, this face cleanser can be used on all skin types,...
- For both men & women, this soap-free, non-foaming calming face cleanser gently exfoliates skin,...
- Hydrating Watermelon Extract - Hydrates, delivers essential vitamins and amino acids, and helps to...
- Exfoliate & Unclog Pores - PHA provides a gentle exfoliation for softer, smoother skin while Willow...
- Lock in Moisture - Cactus Water seals in moisture and prevents moisture loss while delivering...
- Size: 6.8 fl oz.
- Gently cleanse and lightly exfoliate skin without drying or stripping with a non-irritating PHA...
- Gluconolactone (PHA) is non-irritating and suitable for all skin types.
对苯二酚 / Hydroquinone
对苯二酚是一种皮肤美白剂,它可以减少皮肤中黑色素细胞的数量,常用于治疗老年斑、黄褐斑以及炎症引起的皮肤色素沉着。
- 功效:美白,减少色素沉着,使肤色均匀。
- 副作用:红斑、皮肤刺激、接触性皮炎及永久性皮肤脱色。
- 使用注意:有些防晒霜中会添加对苯二酚,因为日晒会导致皮肤色素沉着。然而,对苯二酚被认为是护肤品成分中风险比较高的,要谨慎使用。对苯二酚可能引起过敏反应,建议先在小块皮肤上涂抹测试后,确保安全后再正常使用。对苯二酚过敏的人,可以用曲酸产品来替代。
- 2% HYDROQUINONE DARK SPOT CORRECTOR BRIGHTENING SERUM - Enhanced with Kojic Acid, Alpha Arbutin,...
- HYPERPIGMENTATION & MELASMA TREATMENT FOR FACE & BODY - This dark spot remover for face body can be...
- SOOTHES & NOURISHES SKIN WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTI-AGING BENEFITS - This skin brightener...
- Maximum strength 2% Hydroquinone skin lightening formula.
- Potent dark spot corrector for face and body to fade discoloration of the skin.
- This skin brightening serum can lighten dark patches of skin caused by hyperpigmentation.
- GENTLE NON-ABRASIVE LEAVE-ON EXFOLIATOR: with 2% BHA (Beta hydroxy acid) to unclog & diminish...
- Dramatically improves skin's texture for radiant youthful even-toned skin. Beta hydroxy acid (BHA...
- HYDRATE, BRIGHTEN & SMOOTH FINE LINES: Our unique, non-abrasive, leave-on exfoliant is gentle enough...
曲酸 / Kojic acid
- 功效:临床研究证明,曲酸可以分解皮肤中的黑色素,改善肤色,达到美白效果。
- 副作用:光敏感,持续使用可能使皮肤更容易晒伤。
- CLEANSES SKIN: Natrulo's natural kojic bar soap is formulated with skin-cleansing turmeric powder...
- FIGHTS ACNE: This kojic acid cleansing bar soap can be used as a treatment for stubborn acne. It...
- NON-DRYING FORMULA: Made with nourishing ingredients including coconut oil, palm oil, and castor...
- CLEANSES SKIN: Natrulo's natural kojic bar soap is formulated with skin-cleansing turmeric powder...
- FIGHTS ACNE: This kojic acid cleansing bar soap can be used as a treatment for stubborn acne. It...
- NON-DRYING FORMULA: Made with nourishing ingredients including coconut oil, palm oil, and castor...
- IMPROVES OVERALL SKIN TEXTURE - Our face wash contains lactic acid, a gentle facial exfoliant which...
- CLEARER SKIN - Kojic acid helps visibly reduce spots, freckles, and other pigment irregularities....
- REDUCES OIL PRODUCTION - This skin cleanser contains Ylang Ylang extract which reduces oil...
维甲酸 / Retinoids
维生素 A 类称为维甲酸,是目前应用最多、研究最多的抗衰老化合物。 [来源]
- 功效:治疗和改善痤疮和痤疮疤痕;加速皮肤表层细胞的代谢和刺激皮肤中新血管的生成,减轻色素沉着,淡化老年斑和软化粗糙的皮肤斑块;促进胶原蛋白的生成,减少细纹和皱纹。
- 处方维甲酸:有 tretinoin (维甲酸,品名:Retin-A)、tazarotene (他扎罗汀,品名:Avage、Tazorac) 和adapalene (阿达帕林,品名:Differin) 等,其中 adapalene有 0.1% 和0.3%的两种处方版本。其它类型的维甲酸均处于临床试验中。
- 非处方维甲酸:有 retinol,刺激性更小,在减少皱纹方面不如 tretinoin 效果明显,但研究显示 retinol 确实能改善老化皮肤的外观。维甲酸与 AHAs 一起使用,可以强化平滑皮肤的效果。
- 使用注意:维甲酸会引起皮肤干燥和刺激,建议最初要隔天使用,逐渐增加到每晚使用一次。使用维甲酸期间,白天要涂防晒霜,因为维甲酸会增加皮肤对阳光的敏感性。要达到改善细纹和皱纹的效果,需要至少3~6个月的连续使用,6~12个月效果最好。
- [ POST ACNE MARKS SERUM ] Helps address the aftermath of adult acne by visibly reducing the...
- [ VISIBLY REDUCES IMPERFECTIONS ] Formulated with Encapsulated Retinol, this serum helps skin look...
- [ PORE MINIMIZING EFFECTS ] Helps to reduce the appearance of pores and refines skin's texture over...
- Retinol Cream - Bloommy Retinol, Collagen & Hyaluronic acid cream comprises only plant-based...
- Advanced Anti-Wrinkle Cream - Bloommy retinol wrinkle repair cream helps to diminish the appearance...
- Day & Night Facial Cream - Bloommy day & night retinol & collagen anti-aging cream is a specially...
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- 🌳 ONLY NATURAL & ORGANIC INGREDIENTS 🌳 The ingredients inside this Retinol firming cream work...
L-抗坏血酸 / L-ascorbic acid
就是维生素 C。许多护肤品都以维生素 C 衍生物为原料,如抗坏血酸磷酸镁 (magnesium ascorbyl phosphate) 或抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 (ascorbyl palmitate),但L-抗坏血酸是护肤品中唯一有用的维生素 C 形式。
- 功效:外用维生素 C 具有广泛的临床应用,抗衰老、减少色素沉着、防晒等等,同时对皮肤胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白生成也有促进作用。研究表明,维生素 C 能够刺激胶原蛋白合成,减少细纹、疤痕和皱纹,有效地改善皮肤外观。[来源 1/2/3/4]
- 使用注意:初次使用含维生素 C 的面霜可能引起皮肤刺痛或发红,但这些副作用通常会逐渐消失。维生素 C 是一种强大的抗氧化剂,但它本身很容易被氧化,在空气或光线下,维生素C会迅速分解,使含有维生素 C 的化妆品失效。
- REAL 15% VITAMIN C IS INCLUDED - Our Vitamin C is produced in small quantities and should be used...
- THE SECRET TO YOUNG, REJUVENATED SKIN. If you are worried about showing the signs of aging, or if...
- THE HIGHEST FORM OF ACTIVE, BIO-AVAILABLE VITAMIN C AVAILABLE. our Vitamin C Serum helps diminish...
- Vitamin C Serum for face by Majestic Pure is potent. It's one of the highest grade Vitamin C serums...
- Vitamin C Serum is a high potency serum for use on facial areas or skin; Helps with the appearance...
- Safety Warning: Rub a very small amount on the inside of your elbow area to test for any allergic...
- Dermatologist Tested and made only using highest quality, proven, clean ingredients for daily use -...
- Our Serum is Hypoallergenic and HRIPT Tested so you can be confident putting the most effective form...
- Boost Natural Defenses to help protect skin against free radical damage and environmental stress,...
透明质酸 / Hyaluronic acid (HA)
透明质酸也称为糖胺聚糖 (glycosaminoglycan),存在于皮肤、身体组织和关节液中,具有缓冲和润滑作用。它具有强大的保水能力,是一种皮肤保湿剂。然而,随着年龄增长,身体产生的透明质酸会越来越少。皮肤中透明质酸水平的降低会造成皮肤老化,如皮肤起皱和弹性减少等。 [来源]
- 功效:帮助皮肤恢复水分,减少皮肤老化和干燥,保持弹性和紧致,保护皮肤对抗阳光紫外线等环境压力。
透明质酸是一种低风险的护肤品成分,几乎适用于所有皮肤类型。含有透明质酸的护肤品通常与维生素 C 产品一起使用,能更加有效地渗透进皮肤表面。
- NATURAL & ORGANIC HYALURONIC ACID SERUM- Improve skin texture and brightness with intense moisture...
- Proven anti-aging skincare properties fill-in and diminish the look of fine lines and wrinkles.
- See a noticeable difference with visibly plumper, softer and smoother skin with this anti-aging...
- BRIGHT AND YOUTHFUL SKIN - Evens skin tone for a brighter, more radiant complexion.
- ORGANIC & VEGAN - Our Hyaluronic Acid is organic and vegan for healthy and beautiful skin.
- NO OILS, FRAGRANCES, PARABENS OR SULFATES - All Asterwood Naturals Serums are never tested on...
- [ DAILY FACE WASH ] Gentle cleansing lotion with hyaluronic acid, ceramides, and glycerin to help...
- [ NON-FOAMING CLEANSER ] Moisturizing facial cleanser with a lotion-like consistency feels smooth as...
- [ ESSENTIAL CERAMIDES ] Ceramides are found naturally in the skin and make up 50% of the lipids in...
铜肽 / Copper peptide
铜肽出现在1997年,现在被认为是「最有效」的皮肤再生产品。然而,铜肽对皮肤的影响可能远小于实验室测试中所见,它的护肤功效还需要通过更多研究来进一步明确。
- 功效:研究表明,铜肽能够促进胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的产生,起到抗氧化剂的作用,促进透明质酸的产生;铜肽有助于紧致、光滑皮肤,以及软化粗糙皮肤,并且起效时间比其它抗衰老产品更快速;临床研究发现,铜肽能够清除皮肤和疤痕组织中受损的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白。
- 副作用:高浓度铜肽不利于皮肤健康;最初使用时可能引起皮肤刺痛,需要减少使用剂量和频率来让皮肤逐渐适应;如果不适症状持续则建议停止使用并就医;铜肽不可内服,仅限于外用,但在使用时要避免流入眼睛,一旦铜肽进入眼睛,尽快用大量水冲洗。
- Copper Peptide diminish the look of wrinkles and crow's feet. For younger-looking skin, mix this...
- Best all-natural peptide for mature skin regeneration. Renew your appearance with younger-looking...
- Anti-aging serum booster that you can add to your own DIY Anti Aging Serum or Use as a Serum...
- GHK copper peptide firming facial serum
- Light gel consistency with lovely natural berry scent
- Multi-use product: mask, serum, moisturizer
- Fades acne scars, dark spots and hyper-pigmentation
- Visibly evens skin tone and improves texture
- Enhances skin for a luminous bare-faced glow
α-硫辛酸 / Alpha-lipoic acid
α-硫辛酸是一种抗氧化剂,有助于预防和修复皮肤损伤。
- 功效:减少细纹,改善肤质,提高维生素 C 等其它抗氧化剂的水平。早期研究表明,使用含有 5% α-硫辛酸的乳膏能够减少因太阳损伤引起的细纹和皮肤粗糙度;服用含有α-硫辛酸等成分的保健品似乎也能增加皮肤弹性,减少皱纹,软化老化皮肤,使皮肤变得光滑。
- Treats past damage as it fights future skin damage
- It's not only the ingredients and proper potencies, it's the blending know-how
- Shipping weight: 0.24 lb
- SKIN HYDRATION:: Rich in moisture and nutrients, this nourishing cream contains ingredients shown to...
- ENRICHED INGREDIENTS: . Our formula contains DMAE, known as nature's firming agent, Alpha Lipoic...
- VITAMIN C ESTER: Is called ascorbyl palmitate, this form of Vitamin C can penetrate cell membranes...
- Alpha Lipoic Acid - 240 Capsules Per Bottle; 120-240 Servings Per Bottle
- 600mg of Potent, High Quality Alpha Lipoic Acid Per Serving (300mg Capsules)
- Vegetarian Capsules
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- HOW does it help YOU? ALA is an antioxidant that is made by the body. But sometimes it needs a...
- WHAT else is in Simply Nature's Pure ALA? ZERO fillers, ZERO binders and ZERO artifical ingredients!
二甲氨基乙醇 / DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol)
护肤品中的 DMAE 在减少细纹和皱纹方面表现出显著效果,有证据表明,含有 DMAE 成分的护肤品有助于改善多种皮肤问题。
- 功效:减少皱纹,淡化黑眼圈,提升下垂的颈部皮肤。在一项随机临床研究中发现,每日涂抹含有 3% DMAE 成分的面霜,持续 16 周后,能够缓解额头和眼眶周围的皱纹和细纹,改善唇形和丰满度,改善老化皮肤的整体外观。在停药 2 周后,这些改善效应并未消失。此外,DMAE 面霜在减少皱纹、黑眼圈、减少鼻唇沟、缓解颈部皮肤下垂和颈部皮肤紧实方面都有帮助。 [来源]
- Helps to diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
- Visible age defying results.
- For dry and sensitive skin.
- SKIN HYDRATION:: Rich in moisture and nutrients, this nourishing cream contains ingredients shown to...
- ENRICHED INGREDIENTS: . Our formula contains DMAE, known as nature's firming agent, Alpha Lipoic...
- VITAMIN C ESTER: Is called ascorbyl palmitate, this form of Vitamin C can penetrate cell membranes...
- Dimethylaminoethanol
- Supports Neurotransmitter Production*
- Take 1 capsule 1 to 3 times daily, preferably between meals
- SUPPORTS MENTAL CONCENTRATION. Neurotransmitters need support to perform their important functions...
- SUGGESTED USE. 1 capsule 1 to 2 times daily.
- WELL MADE SUPPLEMENT. Contains no yeast, gluten, corn, sugar, starch, salt, preservatives, or...
辅酶 Q10 / Coenzyme Q10
辅酶 Q10 是一种天然存在于人体内的物质,它能够包括保持体内和皮肤细胞的健康,但辅酶 Q10 的水平随着年龄增长会降低,大多 30 几岁的女性的皮肤中的辅酶 Q10 含量就已经低于最佳水平。辅酶 Q10 水平降低导致皮肤胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白流失,皮肤开始起皱和下垂。
- 功效:促进细胞代谢,提高皮肤胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白水平,缓解皮肤衰老。有研究发现,辅酶 Q10 对减少眼睛周围的细纹效果明显。 [来源]
- 3X BETTER ABSORPTION THAN REGULAR [2] CoQ10. Clinical trials have proven that no other CoQ10...
- #1 CARDIOLOGIST RECOMMENDED FORM OF COQ10. With superior absorption compared to regular [2] CoQ10,...
- 100% WATER AND FAT-SOLUBLE, Qunol CoQ10's patented formulation is 100% water and fat-soluble, unlike...
- For a limited time, you may receive either bottle while we update our packaging. Both have the same...
- Contains a 80-day supply of Nature Made CoQ10, 80 softgels per bottle.Gluten Free
- Helps support heart function and cellular energy production. STATIN USERS: Certain statin drugs can...
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