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以前,瓦数越大的灯泡就越亮,但随着节能灯泡的出现,小瓦数的灯泡也可以提供相当的亮度。这篇文章告诉你在美国购买灯泡的一些常识:比如「标准口/小口灯泡」在美国/用英语怎么说?你知道 A19 灯泡和 A60 灯泡是同样的尺寸吗?
常见的底座尺寸 买灯泡大家肯定首先看的是底座尺寸,到底买什么口径的?最省力的就是拿着旧灯泡去对比,底座尺寸配不上就肯定拧不上去。美国家庭最常使用的标准灯泡是 E26 底座的 A19 灯泡。E 意思是灯泡底座是爱迪生螺口(Edison Screw),26 表示底座是 26 毫米直径 。 欧洲标准则是 E27,也就是底座 27 毫米直径,与 E26 相差一毫米,在美国可以使用,不过会露出一个螺纹,无法完全拧进去。
下面是常见的灯泡底座尺寸:
Medium : E26。最常见的底座,我们中文所说的「标准接口灯泡」就是这种尺寸。 Candelabra : E12。多用于装饰性的灯具,如台灯、卧室灯、壁灯,大部分人说的「小口灯泡」其实就是 E12 —— 但也可能是 E17,所以你还是用型号来描述更准确一些。 Intermediate : E17。和 E26 很像,但细长些。 美国常见灯泡底座图示
除了爱迪生标准螺口,还有两根针式的 Pin Type Base,常用于厨房吊灯,常见底座尺寸是 G4 或 GU24。还有一种两针式底座,不过还得多扭一下的 Twist-And-Lock base,常见的尺寸是 GU10。更多灯泡底座尺寸图可以查看灯泡网站 bulbs.com 的图示 。
常见的灯泡形状 底座尺寸对了,还要考虑灯泡形状。有些灯具配了灯罩,如果形状不对,可能灯罩安不上去。为了配合装修风格,我们也会挑一些特别形状的灯泡。那种经典的、我们一提到灯泡就能想到的灯泡形状叫 A19 :A 是 Arbitrary,本义是「任意/随意」,在灯泡届指的就是这种非球非管的独特形状,也是我们最熟悉的「标准灯泡」形状;后面的数字代表灯泡最宽处的直径,但其单位既不是毫米,也不是英寸,而是 1/8 英寸,A19 就表示直径是 19/8 英寸(2.3 英寸)。
很多国家不使用英寸、而是用公制单位(比如中国),而 19/8 英寸大约是公制单位的 60 毫米,因此,在描述灯泡尺寸时,A60 = A19,都是指直径 19/8 英寸、60 毫米的「标准/经典」灯泡 ,而不是「直径 60/8 英寸的巨无霸灯泡」;比如 Amazon 上的这款灯泡 ,产品描述就是「Classic A19 (A60) Style」。是不是非常 confusing …
A60 和 A19 是同一种尺寸的灯泡 图:OPALRAY @ Amazon 下面是一些常见的灯泡形状:
A(Arbitrary) :标准灯泡形状。常用于各种家用灯具、客厅照明、吊扇下的电灯灯,通常与中号螺丝底座(E26 和 E27)或烛台底座(E12)兼容。 最常见的 A19 灯泡 图中为飞利浦 5W LED 灯泡 x8 只 $35.96 at Amazon 乳白色|450 流明|E26 底座 C(Candle) :蜡烛形状。类似于蜡烛火焰的形状,经常出现在吊灯,壁灯,重点或吊灯,以及其他装饰性灯具中。它们最常见的底座类型是 E26 和 E27 中号螺丝底座、E12 烛台底座,以及 E17 底座。 Candle / Candelabra 蜡烛灯 G(Globe) :球状灯。形状圆润复古,多用于需要提升美感的场合,比如 G30 就常用于浴室盥洗台的照明,其他场合有书房、饭厅。G 组灯最常与 E26 和 E27 中号螺丝底座和 E12 烛台底座连接。 Globe 球形灯泡 火焰灯 T(Tube) :管状灯。比如我们常见的荧光灯管,它们通常有磁性或电子镇流器,有助于限制电路中的电流量。通常情况下,这些是荧光灯,使用很少的能源,提供最佳的亮度,清晰的白色光芒,持续时间长达 20,000 小时。办公室、学校最常用。出于美观,家庭中多用环形的管状灯,也有下面这种漂亮的装饰灯。 管状灯 反射灯 MR(Multifaceted Reflector) :多面反射灯或石英反射灯。MR 灯泡发出一束集中的定向聚焦光,并且可以有多种颜色。正因为如此,MR 灯泡被普遍用于轨道灯、内嵌灯、书桌和展示柜。它们通常使用低电压布线系统,使它们成为景观应用的绝佳选择,如路径和车道照明、凉亭灯和铺路灯。室内装修常用 MR16,因为它们具有时尚的风格和聚光能力。在低压交流/直流系统中,MR 灯泡最常搭配的底座类型是 GX5.3 双针或 GZ4 双针,以及 120 伏系统中的 GU10 双针。 PAR(Parabolic Aluminized Reflector) :抛物线型镀铝反射灯。PAR 型灯泡通常用作户外照明,通常是较高瓦数的灯泡,可以提供大量的光线。最常见的底座类型包括 E26 和 E27,以及 G53 螺丝针底座。 更多灯泡形状请参见下图,或专卖灯泡的网站 bulbs.com 。
美国常见灯泡形状 图:bulbs.com 常见的灯泡类型 白炽灯泡是最便宜,但是最耗电、以及会发热,不小心碰到极容易被烫伤的灯泡,不推荐大家买。而常见的节能灯泡除了 LED,其实还有几种:
节能白炽灯(卤素灯 / halogen) 。这些瓦数较低的白炽灯有一个像标准灯泡一样的钨丝,但周围是卤素气体,而不是氩气或氮气,它能提供明亮的光线,效率更高。这些灯泡比传统白炽灯泡的效率高 25%,并且可以持续三倍的时间。价格比 LED 灯泡便宜,一般来说每个灯泡不到 1.5 美元,但是钨丝也会烧断,并不是十分耐用。 紧凑型荧光灯(Compact Fluorescent Lamp / CFLs) 。你可能已经看过这些卷曲的、灯泡大小的荧光灯。早期的荧光灯光线很刺眼,但现在荧光灯泡有更多的颜色选择,有些甚至被设计成看起来像传统白炽灯泡。这些灯泡比白炽灯节省 75% 的能源,并能持续 10 倍的时间。每个灯泡的价格在 3 美元左右。 很常见的 CFLs LED 。最高效的选择,LED 灯泡比传统白炽灯的效率高 75-80%,寿命比白炽灯泡长 25 倍。每个灯泡(800 流明)约 2 美元起,不过较便宜的 LED 灯泡寿命往往不太久。建议还是买贵点、好点的 LED 灯泡,特别是家里有挑高设计的,你也不想频繁爬上爬下当壁虎才能换好灯泡吧。最常见的两个国际大品牌是飞利浦 Philips 和 GE 通用电气 ,都有很多种形状和规格的选择。 飞利浦复古 LED 灯泡 流明 Lumen 与瓦数 Watt 流明是衡量亮度的单位,数字越大,灯泡越亮。瓦数是衡量灯泡的耗电量,瓦数越大,耗电量越高。 但瓦数越大不代表灯泡更亮。如果你要寻找某个亮度的灯泡,应该看的是流明数,然后你可以选择比较省电的 LED 灯泡,就能达到既够亮又省电的目的。比如同样 800 流明,LED 9W 灯泡就比白炽灯泡 60W 省电许多。
很多租房一族,搬进去第一件事就是把原房东的白炽灯泡全换成 LED 省电灯泡,想要获得某种亮度的话,你可以按照下面的表格来换算。
灯泡类型 白炽灯 卤素灯 荧光灯 LED 450 流明 40W 29W 9W 6W 800 流明 60W 42W 14W 9W 1100 流明 75W 53W 18W 11W 1600 流明 100W 72W 23W 14W
灯具会有一个它们能够安全处理的最大瓦数的等级。如果你买了节能灯泡,又想获得更明亮的光线,你可以买一个能提供更多流明的灯泡,但仍然安全地保持在允许的最大瓦数之内。例如,一个 9 瓦的 LED 灯泡提供的光量与 60 瓦的白炽灯泡相同。因此,如果你的灯具使用 60 瓦的白炽灯,你可以安全地升级到 14 瓦的 LED 灯泡,这将提供与 100 瓦的白炽灯泡相同的光量。
亮度可调式灯泡 / Dimmable 可调式灯泡有两种类型,连续可调式(dimmable)和三段式(3-way)。连续可调式就是从暗到明,可以逐渐变化;三段式则是有三种明暗度,每按一次开关,轮换一个明度。包装上应该有具体说明该灯泡是 「可调光」 或 「三段」 的,以便你知道该灯泡确实能与你的调光开关或三通灯具一起使用。
灯光的颜色与色温 你说的白不是我想要的白,你说的黄我不知道是有多黄。你以为是「白色」灯泡,可能安上后发现它偏黄色。常见的白颜色有:暖白(Warm White)、柔白(Soft White)、亮白(Bright White)、日光白(Daylight) —— 你需要「色温」(color temperature)来准确描述和选择你想要的颜色。
这些五彩斑斓的颜色是灯光的色温,以 Kelvins (K) 来标示,数字越小代表颜色越暖(黄),数字越大则颜色越冷(蓝) 。仔细看包装,厂商会标示出此款灯泡的色温:
2700 – 2800K : 暖黄光。 3000 – 3200K : 偏黄的暖光。 3500 – 4000K : 中性、白光。 5000 – 6500K : 带有蓝调的亮白光。 灯泡的色温不一定是固定的,比如智能灯泡,就可以在整个白光光谱中改变颜色。不同的颜色变化可能对特定的任务有更好的效果。例如,你可能在早上想要一个明亮的蓝光白光,或者在阅读时想要更好的对比度,但在睡前却喜欢更温暖的光线。蓝光已被证明会干扰睡眠,这是在夜间能够将灯光调整为暖色调的另一个好处。
智能灯泡 智能灯泡是可以连接到 WiFi 或蓝牙的 LED 灯泡,你可以通过你的智能助手(亚马逊 Alexa,谷歌助手或 Siri)声控,或用 app 来控制它们。虽然每个灯泡的功能有点不同,但通常都有不同的时间打开或关闭,并远程打开或关闭它们的功能,并且越来越多的智能灯泡可以通过智能助手来调节灯光颜色。下面是 Wire Cutter 评选的 4 款最佳智能灯泡。
$10.99 on Amazon WiZ 60W A19 彩色 LED 智能灯泡 E26 室内|Wi-Fi 连接|语音或 App 控制|动作激活|兼容 Matter
$19.99 on Amazon meross 智能 LED 灯泡 WiFi|兼容 Apple HomeKit / Siri / Alexa / Google Home / SmartThings|E26|2700K-6500K 色温可调|900 流明|等效 60W
$25.99 on Amazon RCA 智能灯泡 x 2 只 WiFi LED|可调光多色|800 流明|10W| 适用于 Alexa 和 Google Home|A19
$22.99 on Amazon Wyze 智能灯泡 x 2 只 1100 流明|WiFi|颜色可调|A19|适用于 Alexa 和 Google Assistant
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相关文章 Last update on 2025-04-01. Affiliate links and images from Amazon Product Advertising API. This website is an Amazon Associate. We earn from qualifying purchases.
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