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美国人对自己的庭院非常重视,我们介绍过美国庭院中常见的几种杂草 ,拔草是个挺不错的健身活动,但如果杂草太多,就需要除草剂的帮助,让除草更有效率。买除草剂要注意的事项很多:是要预防和抑制杂草生长,还是杀死已经出苗的杂草?是想杀死院子里混入的螃蟹草、蒲公英,但又不能伤害草坪,还是要把 driveway 上不管什么草统统都杀掉?
买除草剂要注意的四个方面 出苗前 vs 出苗后 这是指除草剂是针对杂草出苗前还是出苗后。
Pre-emergence 是杂草「抑制剂 」,只针对发芽前的杂草,它的作用是防止杂草发芽,在杂草发芽前两到三周施药 。杂草已经发芽了才用,效果就不好。这种除草剂很好认,包装上写着 preventer,就是能预防杂草发芽的。Post-emergence 是「杀草剂 」,对的是已经发芽的杂草,那么太早施打这种除草剂反而不起作用。包装写 weed killer 的就是对付已经发芽的杂草的。 选择性杀死某类杂草 vs 无差别式除草 有特定针对某类杂草的除草剂在包装上会说明,比如 crabgrass, broadleaf grass,这种除草剂称为 selective 。很多杂草是阔叶草,而草坪的草是禾本科,因此不会杀死你的草坪。 无选择性、凡是植物一概杀死的「通用除草剂 」叫 non-selective ,包装上写 weed & grass 字样的一般就是 non-selective,它会杀死所有植物,连你的草坪、花朵、蔬菜都杀光。这类除草剂只适合局部使用,或应用于车道裂缝中生长的杂草。 持久性 持久性是指除草剂能起作用多长时间。那些持续时间很短的时间称为非持久性的,有些效果持续 30 天,有些效果能持续 120 天,包装上会写。那些杀死杂草并避免它生长长达一年的除草剂就可称为持久性的,效果持久的除草剂也称为 Residual Weed Killer,因为它的成分会留在土壤中很久,使植物无法生长,当然你也就无法再种植新草或蔬菜。选择这类除草剂要十分谨慎,它适合用在车道、石板小路。如果撒在草坪,那将会有很长一段时间不能重新种草。
作用机制 不同成分的除草剂作用机制不同,一般有两种。
Contact Weed Killers 接触性除草剂,在接触时即可杀死植物。它只作用于植物的叶片,通过气孔进入植物内部,对植物根部和土壤没有影响。广泛使用的成分是草甘膦(Glyphosate)。接触性除草剂大约需要两个星期才能完全发挥作用,是控制一年生杂草的绝佳选择。如果是为了处理多年生杂草,需要使用两三次。Systemic Weed Killers 大多数除草剂属于系统性除草剂 ,它通过叶子进入植物,通过水份运输,沿着植物一直向下直到根部,最终杀死杂草。 有机除草剂 如果你对农药有担忧,特别是室内植物,或者孩子和宠物喜欢在草坪上玩,市场也有有机除草剂。它们的成分通常是柠檬酸或玉米蛋白制成的配方。酸性物质提高了杂草周围土壤的酸度并破坏它们的根。当根系枯萎后,这些成分便分解到土壤中并消散。有机除草剂的效果可能没有那么明显,您可能需要使用多次才能除掉杂草。
不同的地点该怎么选除草剂 了解了除草剂的几个特性,我们就能根据自己的目的来选择除草剂。
草坪 保养草坪我们需要除掉杂草,保留原草坪的草种。最简单的方法就是选择包装上写着 lawn care 或 weed & feed 的除草剂,它们通常也含有一些肥料。草坪维护预防胜于治疗,在杂草发芽之前,比如早春或夏末,就要使用除草产品。当杂草在春末或夏季已经开始活跃生长时,则应局部使用除草剂或手动拔掉。
花圃、菜园 花圃同样也是预防比等杂草长出来更好。当杂草出现在花圃中时,要把它扼杀在摇篮中,以防扩散。适用于花圃的除草剂和草坪的不同,不能混用。应选择应用于花圃的、不会伤害周围的植物或破坏土壤的除草剂。这点很容易辨别,因为包装会写 for garden bed,也会画着花朵蔬菜图案。使用时注意只应用在杂草上,而不是大面积喷洒。
车道、路上或露台 车道缝隙中的杂草看起来不多,好像拔掉就行,但它的根部往往难以全部清除,很快又会长出来。但水泥或地砖不像草坪,不必顾忌会杀掉好草。此时可以将 Pre-emergence 和 Post-emergence 结合使用,也可以用 non-selective 彻底杀死杂草后,用胶砂(polymer sand) 把缝隙填起来。
对付毒葛 Poison Ivy Poison ivy, poison oak 这些杂草不但入侵性强,还带毒性,需要特殊的专门针对它们的除草产品。注意看除草剂包装上有没有写可杀死 Poison ivy,通常这类除草剂也是 non-selective 的。比如下面这些包装上非常明显的表示能杀 poison ivy。为避免杀死好草,应使用喷壶或喷洒器,进行局部的更有针对性的应用。
十大推荐的除草剂 参考了几个网站的推荐,下面几种除草剂是公认的效果比较好也容易买到的。具体到每个家庭的草坪状况,大家去买的时候可以仔细看包装说明。
Compare-N-Save 通用杀草剂
$39.99 on Amazon
无选择式除草剂。 41% 草甘膦。 浓缩型,需要稀释。 一般浓度 1.5oz 除草剂 兑 1 升水;强效浓度 2.5oz 除草剂 兑 1 升水。 两个小时后达到防水效果。 2-4 天即可看见效果,1-2 周杂草死亡。 对一年生和多年生植物都有效。 Roundup 通用杀草剂
$48.97 on Amazon
无选择式除草剂。 18% 草甘膦 + 0.73% 敌草快(Diquat)。 需要稀释。 1 份除草剂 兑 80 份水。 30 分钟后即可防水。 12 小时即可看见效果,1-2 周杂草死亡。 Preen Garden 通用杂草抑制剂 $13.47 at Home Depot / Amazon #ad 预防杂草发芽,可在杂草发芽前使用,或先把可见的杂草除去后使用。 可防止多达 27 种阔叶杂草发芽。 自带 applicator cap,可直接撒。 每隔 9-12 周重复使用一次。 Ortho GroundClear 植被杀手
$15.58 on Amazon
5% 草甘膦 + 0.08% 灭草烟(Imazapyr)。 浓缩型,需要稀释。 持久性除草剂,可杀死杂草和防止再生长达一年。 建议使用在车道上,不建议用在草坪和花圃菜园中。 Scotts Halts 杂草抑制剂(螃蟹草等)
$43.49 on Amazon
作用于 crabgrass , henbit 和 chickweed ,不伤害草坪。 适用于已经种植好的草坪;二甲戊灵成分(Pendimethalin)可防止其他植物生长达 4 个月。 颗粒状,需要配合播撒机。 Spectracide 通用杀草剂
$27.99 on Amazon
无选择式除草剂。 需要稀释。 一般浓度 5 fl oz 除草剂 兑 1 加仑水;强效浓度 7 fl oz 除草剂 兑 1 加仑水。 15 分钟后达到防水效果。 系统性除草剂,效用直达根部。 一周内即可重新种植植物。 Ortho Weed B Gon 杀草剂(阔叶草)
N/A on Amazon
专门针对阔叶杂草,如蒲公英、三叶草。 不伤害草坪。 无需稀释。 数小时内见效。 Roundup Ready-To-Use 通用杀草剂
on
无需稀释。 自带喷嘴。 适合花圃、菜园、小路、车道和露台。 不伤害花和蔬菜。 15 分钟即可防水。 数小时见效。 Bayer Advanced Lawn 杀草剂(螃蟹草阔叶草等)
$25.99 on Amazon
针对螃蟹草和其他 200 种阔叶杂草,不伤害草坪。 4.85% 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4 –D)+ 1.61% 二氯喹啉酸(Quinclorac,针对螃蟹草)+ 0.45% 麦草畏(Dicamba)。 不适合品种为 St. Augustine 的草坪,因为这种除草剂会杀掉它。 Green Gobbler 有机通用杀草剂
$34.98 on Amazon
无选择式除草剂。 天然,有机,不含农药。 成分是 20% 醋酸。 浓度是普通白醋的四倍。 几天后即可重新种植植物。
$24.30 on Amazon
火力 24,000 BTU 。 使用丙烷燃料,配合标准 1Lb 罐装丙烷 。 自带打火器。 适合除掉石板小路、车道缝隙中的杂草。 不要在干燥的草上使用,除非你是专业做预防性焚烧的工作。 还能点烧烤炉、烧虫窝、冬天融冰。 还可以烤棉花糖。 和除草剂搭配使用的工具 除草剂有液体的、颗粒的,有些可直接用,有些需要稀释,有些需要均匀播撒,因此我们还需要一些工具来配合。
浓缩型除草剂 + 带喷嘴的喷桶 浓缩型除草剂的包装一般有两种。一种是普通瓶装的浓缩除草剂,稀释时会用到一个喷桶。用量杯把浓缩除草剂倒进喷桶(这个量杯就不要再用来烹饪了),再加水。另一种是瓶子带有水管连接口的浓缩除草剂,无需倒出来手动稀释,只需要连接花园水管,直接打开水龙头即可使用。
也许有人会问,我买了喷桶,家里也有白醋,那我是不是能直接把白醋当作不含农药的除草剂呢?答案是可以的。我就是把白醋+一丢丢洗洁精混合,喷在车道缝隙的杂草根部,洗洁精的作用是使白醋更好的附着在杂草上。我亲测效果不错,第二天杂草就枯了。但是得多喷点,因为白醋的醋酸只有 5%,比 20% 低很多。
喷桶长这个样子,你不必买这么贵的。有特价还可以多买几个,用来施肥、喷消毒剂等。我的是在秋季清仓时两块五买的。
喷桶 $25.35 at Amazon 浓缩型除草剂 + 花园水管 花园水管有两个用途,一是你得在使用除草剂后彻底浇一遍草,以利于除草剂发挥效果。二是有些浓缩型除草剂不需要你自己计算比例去稀释,它直接连接水管,喷水的同时除草剂也自动混在里面了。比如 Spectracide Weed & Feed ,就是连上花园水管后使用的,顺带一提,这款产品是除草+施肥双效,也挺不错的。
花园软管带喷头 at 花园水管 + 水管喷头 既然买了水管,就要配个喷头,这个应该是美国家庭标配了(有自动灌溉系统的除外)。很多水管买的时候就送喷头了,如果你的没送喷头,买一个也就几块钱。
水管喷头 N/A at Amazon 颗粒型除草剂 + 手动播种机 颗粒型的除草剂得配合播种机。有容量比较小的手持式,也有大一些的推车式。这个小工具除草、播种和冬天撒盐都很好用。
手持式播种机 $20.40 at Amazon 推车式播种机 $44.97 at Amazon 常见问题 除草剂有哪些类型? 一种是 Pre-emergence 杂草「抑制剂 」,防止杂草发芽,在杂草发芽前两到三周施药,包装上一般写着 preventer;另一种是 Post-emergence 的「杀草剂 」,对的是已经发芽的杂草,太早施打反而不起作用,包装上一般写着 weed killer。
除草剂能杀哪些杂草? 有些除草剂是针对特定的某类杂草,包装上会说明,比如 crabgrass, broadleaf grass,这种除草剂称为 selective 。很多杂草是阔叶草,而草坪的草是禾本科,因此不会杀死你的草坪。也有无选择性、凡是植物一概杀死的「通用除草剂 」叫 non-selective ,包装上写 weed & grass 字样的一般就是 non-selective,它会杀死所有植物,连你的草坪、花朵、蔬菜都杀光。这类除草剂只适合局部使用,或应用于车道裂缝中生长的杂草。
除草剂的工作原理是什么? 一般有两种。一种是 Contact Weed Killers 接触性除草剂,作用于植物的叶片,通过气孔进入植物内部,对植物根部和土壤没有影响,广泛使用的成分是草甘膦(Glyphosate)。一种是 Systemic Weed Killers (大多数除草剂属于这种),它通过叶子进入植物,通过水份运输,沿着植物一直向下直到根部,最终杀死杂草。
最好的除草剂品牌有哪些? 有 Roundup, Compare-N-Save, Preen Garden, Ortho GroundClear 等。
美国庭院常见的杂草 《
美国常见的杂草品种以及除草工具 》
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相关文章 Last update on 2025-04-06. Affiliate links and images from Amazon Product Advertising API. This website is an Amazon Associate. We earn from qualifying purchases.
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