在美国当地主，除了南部的几个州，住其他州的应该都参与过一项冬季全民健身活动：铲雪。公共道路的积雪由政府清理，住宅和商店前的积雪则需由业主负责。各人自扫门前雪，还真不是贬义词。
留意当地法规
我这儿要求雪后 36 小时内必须清理住宅门口人行道、车道的积雪，以及把消防栓挖出来（如果被雪埋着了），别的城市可能有更严格的规定。搜索 snow removal regulation + city 即可找到当地的相关法规啦。不及时铲掉积雪和撒盐融冰，轻则被热心邻居举报，重则害路人滑倒受伤。铲出来的雪不可以堆在人行道或马路上，可以堆在车道旁边不影响出入的位置。
下雪前撒盐
在下雪和下冻雨前事先撒盐十分重要。有的人认为反正我得铲雪，何必提前撒盐呢？融雪盐的作用比你想象中大哦。事先撒盐比路面结冰后撒盐，融冰的效果好得多。没及时撒盐害路人滑倒，那么你的责任就大了。如果你事先撒了盐，然后路人不小心滑倒，至少你还能 defend yourself 。
融雪盐是由氯化钠、氯化钙、氯化镁和氯化钾中的一种或几种混合组成。其原理是盐水凝固点低，难以结冰。单由氯化钠做成的融雪盐也叫 rock salt，价格最便宜，但它不宜用在靠近植物的地方。氯化钙成分的融雪盐效果最好，其盐水比单纯氯化钠盐水凝固点更低，对植物和动物伤害也没那么大，价格当然更贵些。
33% off
Morton Safe-T-Salt Rock Salt 25.0 LB For Snow And Ice Removal
- Melt ice down to 5°
- Clears ice and snow from driveways, walkways and steps
- Provides traction for getting out of snow drifts, can be stored in vehicle trunks to provide extra...
Green Gobbler Pet Safe Ice Melt Effective to -15° Fahrenheit | 15lb Pail | Fast Acting Treatment | Magnesium Chloride Ice Melt Pellets | No Concrete Damage
- MELTS SNOW AND ICE IN FRIGID TEMPERATURES: Green Gobbler Pet Safe Ice Melt works in temperatures as...
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融雪盐使用小贴士
- 事先撒盐。冻雨过后可补撒一遍。
- 宜少不宜多。融雪盐并不是用越多越好，按照包装上的说明份量使用即可。过多的融雪盐会腐蚀地面。
- 要戴手套。不仅是因为天气冷，更重要是防止化合物伤害皮肤。推荐用撒种机撒盐，撒得又快又平均还不伤手。撒种机春天还可以用来播草种和施肥，一物多用。
- 家有宠物可以选择对宠物友好的融雪盐，不要让狗子喝外面的雪水，狗子回家时先给它洗 jio jio 。
- 晴天积雪和冰都化完了，残留的融雪盐要扫起来丢垃圾桶。
- 没用完的融雪盐储存在干燥的地方。
播种机长这样，有手持式或推拉式的。
31% off
Scotts Whirl Hand-Powered Spreader
- Perfect handheld spreader for small yards
- Great for year-round use to weed, seed, fertilize, and apply ice melt
- Engineered for smooth, even coverage
14% off
Scotts Turf Builder EdgeGuard Mini Broadcast Spreader - Holds Up to 5,000 sq. ft. of Lawn Product, Green
- Use the Scotts Turf Builder EdgeGuard Mini Broadcast Spreader to apply Scotts lawn care products
- Comes pre-calibrated and fully assembled with a fold-down handle for easy storage
- Scotts exclusive EdgeGuard Technology keeps lawn product off landscaping, driveways, and sidewalks
铲雪工具
首先当然是大铲子。铲雪除了铲的动作，还可以推，就是把雪推到旁边去，比铲起来省力。雪铲都是平头的（不像普通的铲子是尖头圆头的），就是为了容易推。
雪铲的尺寸完全看个人的身高体型。铲子头越宽，一次能铲/推的雪就越多，但是相对的也要花更多力气。铲子柄则长短不等，高个子选长柄的，短柄老是要弯腰；个子不高的人就不要选长柄的雪铲。
雪铲的设计
雪铲最重要的两个部分是铲子头和铲子柄。
铲子头
铲子头有两种设计：比较平板的和有点深度像大勺子的。
- 比较平板的铲子头适合 「切割」 有一定厚度的雪，但要把雪铲起来就不好着力了。就好像我们吃雪糕，平勺子容易挖，但不好舀。
- 有点深度的铲子头适合把雪铲起来，也可以把雪推走，在积雪厚度比铲子头矮的时候很好用。
比较下面两个铲子头，就可以看出一个比较平，一个有弧度。
25% off
ORIENTOOLS Folding Snow Shovel with D-Grip Handle and Durable Aluminum Edge Blade, Emergency Snow Shovel for Car, Truck, Recreational Vehicle, etc.(Blade 9")
- Collapsible and Portable: This snow shovel can be folded and expanded by twisting lock for easy...
- Multifunctional: This foldable shovel fits well in your vehicle for emergency purposes, you can...
- User-friendly: Offers you a comfy D shaped grip, so you can get the job done with less power, and...
Suncast 20" Combination Snow Shovel/Pusher, Grey/Black
- SNOW SHOVEL WITH 20" BLADE: Features an efficient design to effectively clear your driveway,...
- ANGLED CHANNELS: Angled rib pattern on the pusher-style blade efficiently collects snow for more...
- DURABLE CONSTRUCTION: Galvanized steel wear strip lines the exterior edge of the heavy duty coated...
铲子柄
比起选铲子头，铲子柄的选择更为重要，直接决定了我们铲完雪第二天能不能上班。
- 折叠式手柄。轻便、便携，适合放在车里或登山行李里，不适合平时放家里用。如果你住的地区雪季较长，放一把在车里十分方便，比如下班时挖车。咦，等一下，车子被埋了需要挖出来，但铲子在车里……
25% off
ORIENTOOLS Folding Snow Shovel with D-Grip Handle and Durable Aluminum Edge Blade, Emergency Snow Shovel for Car, Truck, Recreational Vehicle, etc.(Blade 9")- Collapsible and Portable: This snow shovel can be folded and expanded by twisting lock for easy...
- Multifunctional: This foldable shovel fits well in your vehicle for emergency purposes, you can...
- User-friendly: Offers you a comfy D shaped grip, so you can get the job done with less power, and...
- 弯曲式手柄。这种设计尽可能减少了人弯腰的次数，但要把雪抬起来可能更困难。
8% off
Suncast SC3250 18-Inch Snow Shovel/Pusher Combo with Ergonomic Shaped Handle and Wear Strip, Green- SNOW SHOVEL WITH 18" BLADE: Features an efficient design to effectively clear your driveway,...
- ANGLED CHANNELS: Angled rib pattern on the pusher-style blade efficiently collects snow for more...
- DURABLE CONSTRUCTION: Heavy duty resin plastic construction is resistant to fading, durable, and...
- 带轮式手柄。这种革命式设计使铲雪效率大大提高，它不但推雪容易，还可以利用杠杆原理把雪撬起来。缺点是占地方不好放。
ORIENTOOLS Heavy Duty Snow Shovel, Rolling Adjustable Snow Pusher with 6" Wheels, Efficient Snow Plow Suitable for Driveway or Pavement Clearing (25" Blade)- Snow Pusher Purpose: Heavy duty snow pusher, efficient, clears away snow up to 5" deep in one pass,...
- User-friendly: offers you a comfy hand grip with padded handle, so you can stand upright while...
- Easy installation: The snow shovel parts can be easily installed and we have detailed instruction...
- 双手柄。铲雪基本上就是个杠杆的作用，所以一长一短两个手柄更好使劲，但多一支手柄额外增加了重量。
44% off
Snow Joe SHOVELUTION 18-in SJ-SHLV01-RED Snow Shovel, Red- [ERGONOMIC]: Design improves posture, reduces the need to bend
- [SHOVEL]: Made of a durable, impact-resistant blade
- [HANDLE]: The spring-assist handle acts as a fulcrum – changes mechanics of shoveling, reduces...
雪铲的材质
通常是塑料、木头、金属组合。有些人会准备金属和塑料雪铲各一把，应付不同情况。
铲子头材质
- 金属铲子头更容易切碎冰块（雪被压紧实就变成冰了），不怕磕到碎石头或螺丝钉。比塑料的铲子更耐用，但也重得多。
8% off
Suncast SC3250 18-Inch Snow Shovel/Pusher Combo with Ergonomic Shaped Handle and Wear Strip, Green- SNOW SHOVEL WITH 18" BLADE: Features an efficient design to effectively clear your driveway,...
- ANGLED CHANNELS: Angled rib pattern on the pusher-style blade efficiently collects snow for more...
- DURABLE CONSTRUCTION: Heavy duty resin plastic construction is resistant to fading, durable, and...
- 塑料铲子头轻巧容易操作，但会被石头螺丝钉等损坏，也不适合切碎冰块。但光以铲雪来说，塑料铲子头效率可能更高。很多儿童用的雪铲都是塑料的。
12% off
Superio Kids Snow Shovel for Driveway, Plastic Heavy Duty Shovel for Snow Removal with D Grip Metal Handle Small Navy Blue Kids Shovel Sturdy, 35“ Height,...- ❄Kid-sized- It’s the perfect and size for kids and toddlers snow play, the overall height is 35...
- ❄Getting children interested in helping mom and dad in the snow can be fun. Work like this helps...
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- 组合材料。通常是塑料的铲子头包上一条金属边（Wear Strip），兼顾轻便和耐用，有的品牌还能替换金属边。
Suncast SC1350 Snow Shovel/Pusher Combo with Ergonomic Shaped Handle and Wear Strip, Green- DURABLE: Steel handle with galvanized steel wear strip
- ERGONOMIC: Handle for comfort and repeated use
- LONG-LASTING: Coated plastic 18 in. blade width
铲子柄材质
- 木头手柄。轻巧、坚固、耐用、环保。保养得好可以用很多年。木头会热胀冷缩，所以每年使用前请确保螺丝都紧固。建议一年涂一次亚麻籽油做保养。
- 玻璃纤维手柄。可能是所有手柄材质里最耐用的，不受天气变化影响，不会生锈，不会弯曲，很难折断，其代价是很重，累死狗。
- 塑料手柄。如果你力气太小，那么只好选择塑料手柄了。用完存放在室内，不要晒到太阳，也能用挺久的。
- 金属手柄。通常是由铝等轻质金属制成，或者混合其他金属的合金。用力不当会容易弯曲，不及时晾干也会生锈。
比如下面的几把雪铲，木质手柄、铲子头 18 寸，重 2.85 磅；玻璃纤维手柄、铲子头同样 18 寸，重 3 磅；铝合金手柄、铲子头 10 寸，小一点，但重量才 1.4 磅。
19% off
UnionTools 1627400 Poly Snow Shovel, 18", Blue
- 18-Inch deep blade
- Made with high-density poly to withstand cold temperatures
- D-grip handle easily accommodates a gloved hand
TABOR TOOLS Snow Pusher with Fiberglass Handle, 18 Inch Wide Blade, Snow Shovel with Comfortable D Grip Handle. J219A. (Snow Pusher, Long 35 Inch Handle)
- LARGE SNOW PUSHER for moving large scoops of snow. Durable and lightweight, features an angled rib...
- COMFORTABLE NON-SLIP D-GRIP: The non-slip D-handle provides comfort and good grip, and gives enough...
- STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT FIBERGLASS HANDLE: The handle is constructed of fiberglass for increased...
挖车必备 Scraper
上回下冻雨，我车子停了半小时不到，前后左右的镜子就全结冰了，幸好车里有一把 Ice Scraper 和 Brush 。真的真的车里放一把吧，良心建议。 Scraper 的选择就比较简单了，长度能够得着大半个车窗就行了。
其他的铲雪配件包括保暖的衣服、手套、雪靴、帽子、墨镜等。注意劳逸结合，多用腿力少用腰力。顺便买一把儿童雪铲给娃，也是打发他们的好办法。
AstroAI 27 Inch Snow Brush and Detachable Ice Scraper with Ergonomic Foam Grip for Cars, Trucks, SUVs (Heavy Duty ABS, PVC Brush)
- Paint Protection Design: The bristle head looks lighter in color and finer because we polished the...
- Built to Last: You’ll only need one, the high-strength ABS shaft, PC bristles, and EVA cotton...
- Push and Scrape: Brush off snow and scrape the ice without damaging your windshield! Break up ice...
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