最近有多位读者询问，父母已经在中国申请了绿卡（或准备申请绿卡），这次持 B1/B2 签证来玩，因疫情和航班取消无法回国，办理延期有何注意事项？
适用领馆处理程序的境外申请人，以合法身份来到美国之后可以选择调整身份（Adjustment of Status; AOS）。不过，通常建议不要在入境 90 天内转换或调整身份，原因参见这篇文章。另外，持 B1/B2 签证入境调整身份（尤其是入境之后很快就提交 I-485），有被认为 「入境时隐瞒真实意图」 的法律风险，参见这篇文章。最后，通常来说申请人在提交 AOS 时必须有合法身份。
但是，提问的读者若是美国公民（只有美国公民才可以为父母申请绿卡），那么他们的父母是 immediate relatives，即使 out-of-status 仍然可以调整身份。参见 USCIS Policy Manual[链接]：
An alien is barred from adjustment of status if the alien is in an unlawful immigration status on the date of filing the adjustment application. [1] This bar to adjustment does not apply to:
– Immediate relatives; [2]
– Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)-based applicants;
– Certain alien doctors and their accompanying spouse and children; [3]
– Certain G-4 international organization employees, NATO-6 employees, and their family members; [4]
– Special immigrant juveniles; [5]
– Certain members of the U.S. armed forces and their spouses and children; [6] or
– Employment-based applicants who meet the INA 245(k) exemption.
以及 [链接]：
Any adjustment applicant is ineligible to adjust status under INA 245(a) if, other than through no fault of his or her own or for technical reasons, [1] he or she has ever:
– Failed to continuously maintain a lawful status since entry into the United States; [2] or
– Violated the terms of his or her nonimmigrant status. [3]The INA 245(c)(2) and INA 245(c)(8) bars to adjustment do not apply to:
– Immediate relatives; [4]
– Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)-based applicants;
– Certain physicians and their accompanying spouse and children; [5]
– Certain G-4 international organization employees, NATO-6 employees, and their family members; [6]
– Special immigrant juveniles; [7] or
– Certain members of the U.S. armed forces and their spouse and children. [8]Employment-based applicants also may be eligible for exemption from this bar under INA 245(k). [9]
移民法中的 「immediate relatives」 包括 [参见]：美国公民的配偶；美国公民的 21 岁以下未婚子女；21 岁以上美国公民的父母。 「Immediate relatives」 除了在 out-of-status 期间仍然可以调整身份以外，还不受绿卡配额限制、无需排期。对于本文开头那些提问的读者来说，我的建议都是：没有必要浪费钱申请 B1/B2 延期，既然已经打算为父母申请、甚至已经申请了绿卡，如今人在境内，直接提交 I-485 调整身份，同时申请 Advance Parole 即可。
免责声明：本文仅为提供信息之用，不是 legal advice 。
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