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对于拥有绿卡的人来说,申请入籍转为美国公民是一个重要的法律过程。但在这个过程中,许多人可能会对入籍的时间和条件产生疑问。例如,如果您的配偶已经具备入籍资格,而您仍在等待绿卡,是否可以一起申请入籍呢?或者如果您的配偶明年申请入籍,您何时才能开始入籍流程呢?本文将解答这些问题,同时解答归化入籍的九个步骤,以帮助您更好地了解这一重要过程。
普通绿卡 5 年可入籍 绿卡持有人 5 年之后可申请归化入籍,俗称 5 year rule ;需同时满足:
申请人年满 18 岁。 获得绿卡至少 5 年。 提交申请前 3 个月内必须在该州居住(没有跨州搬家)。 在美国连续居住至少 5 年。 提交入籍申请前的 5 年至少有 30 个月人在美国(physically present)。 提交申请后必须在美国居住直至完成归化入籍。 可以读、写、说英语并且能通过公民测试。 良好的道德准则、遵守美国宪法。
最新版100题中英文对照,包含英文语音朗读和答案。
公民配偶 3 年可入籍 绿卡持有人若是美国公民的配偶,最快 3 年内可申请入籍,俗称 3 year rule :
申请人年满 18 岁。 获得绿卡至少 3 年。 申请前 3 年内必须与该配偶居住在一起、配偶在这 3 年内必须是公民。 提交申请前 3 个月内必须在该州居住(没有跨州搬家)。 在美国连续居住至少 3 年。 提交申请后必须在美国居住直至完成归化入籍。 可以读、写、说英语并且能通过公民测试。 良好的道德准则、遵守美国宪法。 连续居住的要求 连续居住(continuous residence)是指申请人于要求的时间段内(5 年或 3 年,一直在美国境内居住(maintained residence),中途没有长期离开过 。所谓长期离开(extended absences)是指不超过 6 个月 :
若单次离开超过 6 个月、但不足 1 年,「连续居住」视为已经中断,除非请人可以证明自己满足例外情形,包括 :① 申请人并未中止其在美国的工作,或 ② 在此期间申请人的直系亲属在美国居住,或 ③ 申请人在美国保留有房产。 若单次离开超过 1 年,「连续居住」视为已经中断,除非申请人 ① 在获得绿卡后至少曾在美国不间断居住过至少 1 年,② 此后因受雇于美国政府、军队、或其他符合资格的公司和研究机构,被派往海外工作,并 ③ 在离开美国之前、或离开美国之后 1 年内提交 N-470 表格 声明维持自己的居住状态。 另外一些情形也可能视为连续居住的中断:
被驱逐出境(an order of removal)。 申请人有放弃永久居住权的行为,比如报税时为了获得税务豁免而选择了「非居民」non resident alilen 身份,或干脆不报税。 若经常离开美国、虽然每次离开都不超过 6 个月,移民官员也可能会考虑你是否真的「住在美国」。 最快何时可以提交入籍申请? 若基于 5 year rule 或 3 year rule 归化入籍,可在达到居住要求前 90 天提出申请 :
You may file Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, 90 calendar days before you complete your permanent residence requirement if your eligibility for naturalization is based upon being a:
– Permanent resident for at least 5 years; or
– Permanent resident for at least 3 years if you are married to a US citizen.
有少量情形可以豁免 3 年、或 5 年居住的要求,比如:
通过服兵役获得公民身份 你的配偶是美国公民,并且是在国外(或将被派往国外)为美国军方、美国政府承包商、受认可的美国研究机构、国际公共组织、传教组织等工作 申请归化入籍的 9 个步骤 第一步:确定你有资格成为美国公民 一般来说,如果你至少年满 18 岁,成为永久居民至少 5 年(如果你与美国公民结婚则为 3 年),并符合所有其他资格要求,你就有资格入籍。你也可以根据军事 。 服务获得入籍的资格,这有不同的要求。
第二步:准备 N-400 表格申请入籍 当你满足成为美国公民的所有要求后,请填写 N-400 表格申请入籍。你可以创建一个帐户并在线提交 N-400,这样你就可以接收案件状态提醒、发送安全消息、查看所有案例通信、检查你的案件状态、更新个人信息和上传证据。请访问 uscis. gov/n-400 了解更多信息和说明。
怎么做:
填写并签署 N-400 表格。 如果你居住在美国境外,请拍摄 2 张护照照片。 收集必要的文件以证明你有资格入籍。 检查你的 N-400 表和支持文件。 注意:如果你的申请不完整,USCIS 可能会要求你提供更多信息。这将延迟你的申请的处理。
第三步:提交表格 N-400《入籍申请表》 向 USCIS 提交你的申请、文件和费用。如果你居住在美国境外,请在申请时提交护照照片。
提交 N-400 表格并收到收据通知后,你可以访问 uscis.gov 查看当前处理时间和申请状态。
包括什么:
N-400 表格和生物识别服务费用(如果适用)。 N-648 表格 ,残疾例外医疗证明(如适用)。如果你因身体或发育障碍或精神障碍而寻求豁免入籍的英语和/或公民要求,请连同你的申请一起提交 N-648 表格以及 N-400 表格说明中列出的所需证据。 如果你居住在美国境外,请提交两张护照照片。 有关其他文件要求,请参阅表格 N-400 说明。保留一份完整的 N-400 表格副本和任何支持证据以供记录。在入籍面谈时,你需要回答有关 N-400 表格的问题。
第四步:生物识别预约(打指模) USCIS 要求申请人进行指纹识别和拍照,以便进行联邦调查局 (FBI) 的犯罪背景调查。在某些情况下,美国公民及移民服务局可能能够重复使用之前拍摄的指纹和照片来进行所需的背景调查。你将收到你的生物识别已被重新使用的通知,或者,如果需要新的生物识别,你将收到生物识别预约通知。在 USCIS 安排面试之前,所有申请人都必须完成背景调查。
怎么做:
收到一份预约通知,其中包括你的生物识别预约日期、时间和地点(假如适用的话)。 在预定时间到达指定地点。 提交生物特征。 你将在稍后收到入籍面谈的预约通知。 第五步:完成面试 当你的案件的所有初步程序完成后,USCIS 将安排与你面谈。你必须在预约通知上的日期和时间向 USCIS 办公室报告。请随身携带预约通知书。请不要错过你的面试。
如果你未能在指定日期和时间面试,请尽快按照预约通知上的说明联系办公室以重新安排面试时间。重新安排面试可能会使入籍过程增加几个月的时间,因此请尽一切努力在已安排的面试日期参加面试。
如果你在提交 N-400 表后的 10 天内改变了地址,你必须通知 USCIS。有关申请变更地址的信息,请访问 USCIS 网站 uscis.gov/ addresschange。每次更改地址时,你都必须通知 USCIS
期待什么:
在面谈时,你将与 USCIS 官员会面并回答有关你的 N-400 表格的问题。 如果你想申请英语和公民测试要求的医疗例外,请提交表格 N-648 残疾例外医疗证明,如果你在提交表格 N-400 时没有提交。 除非你获得豁免,否则你将参加英语和公民考试。有关豁免的更多信息,请参阅 N-400 表格,入籍申请说明或 uscis.gov/citizenship/exceptions-andaccommodations。访问 uscis.gov/citizenship 以获取备考学习材料。 在某些情况下,USCIS 官员将无法在你入籍面谈当天就你的 N-400 表格做出决定。在这些情况下,USCIS 官员将继续你的案件。这可能包括要求你提供额外证据或要求进行第二次面谈。 USCIS 将在你面谈后向你提供面谈结果通知。 如果 USCIS 官员确定你需要提供额外的文件或证据,USCIS 可能会通过向你提供 N-14 表格、额外信息请求、文件或表格来要求你提交额外文件。你将需要提供要求的其他文件以继续入籍过程。
如果你没有通过英语或公民考试,USCIS 将安排你在第一次面谈后的 60 到 90 天内再次面谈。 USCIS 只会对你未通过的部分(英语或公民)进行重新测试。如果你未通过测试,USCIS 将拒绝你的 N-400 表格。
第六步:收到 USCIS 的审批决定 你将收到书面通知。
批准—如果记录在案的证据证明你有资格入籍,USCIS 可能会批准你的 N-400 申请 表格。 拒绝—如果记录在案的证据表明你不符合入籍资格,USCIS 将拒绝你的 N-400 申请表格。 如果申请被拒绝,你将收到来自 USCIS 的通知,说明你的 N-400 表格申请被拒绝的原因。如果你认为 USCIS 错误地拒绝了你的 N-400 表格申请,你可以要求举行听证会以对该决定提出上诉。
你收到的拒绝通知将包含有关如何通过提交 N-336 表格对 USCIS 决定提出上诉的说明,请求就入籍程序中的决定进行听证。访问 uscis.gov/n-336 了解更多信息。你必须在 N-400 表格决定日期后的 30 天内提交 N-336 表格并支付适当的费用。如果未在允许的时间内提出听证请求,则拒绝决定为最终决定。
第七步:收到宣誓效忠的通知 USCIS 将向你邮寄一份通知,其中包含你预定的宣誓仪式的日期、时间和地点。在某些有限的情况下,你可以在面试的同一天参加宣誓仪式。如果你无法在 USCIS 安排的当天参加宣誓仪式,请按照 N-445 入籍宣誓仪式通知中的说明通知你当地的 USCIS 办公室并要求 USCIS 重新安排你的时间。
第八步:宣誓效忠美国。 在入籍仪式上宣誓效忠之前,你不是美国公民。宣誓由美国公民及移民服务局在行政仪式上进行,或由法官在司法仪式上进行。法院拥有在某些 USCIS 地区举行仪式的专属权力。宣誓效忠后,你会收到入籍证书。
怎么做:
填写问卷调查表 N-445《入籍宣誓仪式通知》。 报到参加宣誓仪式。 向 USCIS 报到 USCIS 官员将审查你对 N-445 表格的答复。 交出你的永久居民卡。 宣读效忠誓言,成为美国公民。 领取你的入籍证书,并在离开仪式现场前审查该证书。届时请通知 USCIS 对你的证书的任何更正。 第九步:了解您的美国公民身份 公民身份是连接所有美国人的共同点。下面列出了所有公民-包括出生和选择的美国人-应该行使、尊重和尊重的一些最重要的权利和责任。其中一些权利和责任也适用于美国的非公民。虽然其中一些责任是法律要求每个公民承担的,但所有这些责任对于确保我们国家和民主的持续活力都很重要。
权利:
表达自己的自由。 随心所欲地敬拜。 获得陪审团迅速、公正审判的权利。 在公职人员选举中的投票权。 申请需要美国公民身份的联邦工作的权利。 竞选公职的权利。 责任:
支持和捍卫美国宪法。 保持对影响你的社区的问题的了解。 参与民主进程。 尊重并遵守联邦、州和地方法律。 尊重他人的权利、信仰和意见。 参与你的当地社区。 诚实地按时向联邦、州和地方当局缴纳所得税和其他税。 应邀担任陪审团成员。 根据需要为国家服务。 【免责声明】本站文章和评论回复,仅为信息交流之用,并非法律建议。在基于这些信息采取任何措施之前,我们建议您咨询有资格的专业人员。使用或依赖本网站上包含的任何信息,风险完全由您自己承担。如需法律建议,可咨询我们合作的律师事务所 。
【合作伙伴】 新未名律所专业办理各类美国移民和签证,拥有名校博士团队、十几年成功经验、数千批准案例,高批准率,免费评估。 网址 www.nwmlaw.com 。 联系人: 蔡律师,mcai@nwmlaw.com 、 杨律师,qian.yang@nwmlaw.com 、 张律师,yuanyuan.zhang@nwmlaw.com 。
生于湖南,求学于北京,先后在广东、北京、DC 工作。一代移民,生活在美东小镇。
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@Derek Yang
杨老师你好,您的大作每篇都仔细研读了,受益匪浅,感谢您的无私分享。想向您请教一个问题,我先生 03/24/2012 年取得美国绿卡,01/01/2014 年离开美国,一直在其他国家工作,中间很少回美国。
在 2019 年 1 月他获得一个美国的工作机会,雇主邀请他来美国面试。考虑到他中间离开美国美国很久了,怕绿卡失效了,进不了美国,就会错过这个工作机会。他用中国护照去申请了 B2 签证,当时他跟签证官说要放弃美国绿卡,申请 B2,并把绿卡交给了签证官。签证官犹豫了一下,给他批了 B2 签证,并对他说:如果你要放弃绿卡,你就入境美国的时候自己把绿卡交给海关的工作人员吧。然后把绿卡还给了他。
2019 年 1 月我先生用有 B2 签证的中国护照入境美国,在海关的时候,被带去小黑屋了,等待了很久,但海关没有没收他的绿卡,给与口头警告后,放他入境美国了。这次我先生在美国呆了 2-3 天,完成了面试,获得了 offer,就离开美国了。
2019 年 7 月 3 日,我先生拿绿卡再次入境美国,再次进入小黑屋,然后被放行了。
自此,我先生就一直留在美国工作,没有出境。现在他打算申请公民。2019 年 7 月 3 日到 2024 年 7 月 3 日他在美国居住满 5 年了。而像你文章中所说的,其实只要满 4 年 6 个月零 1 天,他就可以开始申请公民了,因为前面离开美国的时间没有超过 6 个月。也就是说 2019 年 1 月 4 日到 2024 年 1 月 4 日可以算做他居住满 5 年了。他满足 5 年居住日的时间是 2024 年 1 月 4 日。然后还可以提前 90 天提交申请,他最早的提交申请日,大概是 2023 年 10 月 6 日的样子,不知道我是否算得对?
但是目前他担心的是 2019 年 1 月绿卡身份申请了 B2 签证入境,是否会影响他的美国公民申请?
他是否有资格申请公民?
他是否要等到 2024 年 7 月 3 日彻底满足,实打实在美国住了 5 年再申请,比较好。还是可以在 2023 年 10 月 6 日提交申请?
永久绿卡正常是 10 年有效期,如果是 03/2012 获得绿卡,正常来说 02/2022 会过期,你先生有没有申请更换绿卡、并成功获得新绿卡?他过去这些年报税用的是什么身份?一般来说,获得绿卡之后,继续使用非移民身份会导致永久居民身份失效,比如移民局官网就明确说了,以非移民身份包税可能会导致你的绿卡失效: uscis.gov 链接
你们这种非常规的操作,我也没把握,建议你们请经验丰富的移民律师详细咨询吧。我们有合作的律所,你可以参考: 新未名律师事务所
谢谢老师的回复,我先生在 2022 年 3 月已经成功 renew 了绿卡,获得新的 10 年期绿卡了。从 2012 年拿到绿卡开始,他每年都以美国税务居民的身份报税了,即使他在其他国家工作的年份,也把海外收入报在美国税务居民的税表上了。
那如果不考虑这个 B2 的影响,
常规情况下, 如果某人:
2012 年 3 月 24 日取得绿卡
2014 年 1 月 1 日离开美国,中间很少回来,但每年用美国税务居民的身份报税了
2019 年 7 月 3 日回到美国,再没出境过。
那么他最快可以何时提交公民申请?
是否必须按 2019 年 7 月 3 日到 2024 年 7 月 3 日这个时间段做为他满足 5 年居住的要求
还是可以用 2019 年 1 月 4 日到 2024 年 1 月 4 日这个时间段(因为 2019 年 1 月 4 日到 7 月 3 日,不足 6 个月,可以不用排除这段时间在计算之内)
感谢杨老师的回答,你的回答对我们很重要。我们也咨询了一些律师事务所,但是好像都说得没有你这么详细。
连续居住要求的是「居住」。持 B 签证来美国面试恐怕不算。除非你能让移民官员同意:你以游客的身份在酒店住了两三天,这酒店就是你的「住所」了。
移民局官网对「continuous residence」的说明在此: uscis.gov 链接
好的,我来仔细看一下,感谢。
你上面问到绿卡 renew 的事情,我觉得对我很有启发。
那既然我先生能成功 renew 绿卡,那是否说明移民局不打算追求他绿卡还申请 B2 的事情?
不然移民局会让他解释为什么有个 B2, 从而拒接他的绿卡 renew 申请?
当时他在网上递交绿卡 renew 申请的,
提交了还不到 1 个星期,去信箱取信,和一堆银行信件混在一起,还以为是广告,结果打开来一看,
里面居然装着新的绿卡。
你好,小孩绿卡是和妈妈的婚姻绿卡一起拿到的,小孩是 3 年考公民还是 5 年才能考公民呢,谢谢
你考公民时,18 岁以下小孩可以随你一起入籍。
请问杨老师:
绿卡入籍一般需要多久?
@Derek Yang
老师你好,我是绿卡持有者 2016 年 2 月 5 号拿到绿卡,我 2021 年 2 月 5 号按理可以申请美国公民。请问我可以提前多久在 U.S. Citizenship and immigration service 的网站申请公民?也是 90 天吗?
「可在达到居住要求前 90 天提出申请」。
老师,你好。我跟前夫结婚两年以后拿到十年永久绿卡。后来因为一些原因离婚,再嫁他人。我目前已经有绿卡七年了,现在想考公民,请问我是按照普通绿卡申请还是按照配偶绿卡申请?
离婚了就不再是公民配偶了。