疫情期间,很多人被迫在家远程工作,对于每天手握一杯某某克咖啡上班族而言,被困在家,如何喝上优质的咖啡?本文将主要介绍「手工咖啡」,包括咖啡豆的选购、储存、研磨;法压壶、手冲咖啡、爱乐压、摩卡壶、虹吸壶等;另一篇文章将介绍「机器篇」。速溶咖啡不在这次讨论范围内。文章不会详细介绍各类咖啡器具的使用方法,各位读者可以去 YouTube 搜索、学习。
咖啡豆的选购
选择咖啡豆与买耳机,音响一样,都是「玄学」,其他人喜欢的咖啡豆不一定适合你。在美国买咖啡豆一般有两种:
- 一种是在超市、咖啡连锁店、或者网上购买大品牌咖啡豆,无论是星巴克,还是 illy、Lavazza,这类咖啡豆,都是大公司集体采购、集中烘焙、包装,再通过运输链分到各个超市、咖啡店,最后到客户手中,这段时间可能会太长,从而错过咖啡的最佳赏味期,使得成品质量大幅度下降。一般咖啡豆的最佳风味期是烘焙完后的一个月,密封保存一般2个月。
- For the first time, Illy has made available three components of its blend
- Ethiopia - sweet and delicate
- Where sweet is gently kissed by bitter: quietly seductive, with fruity notes of citrus and jasmine...
- One 2.2 pound bag of Lavazza Super Crema Italian whole coffee beans
- Mild and creamy medium espresso roast with notes of hazelnuts and brown sugar
- Blended and roasted in Italy
- 另一种是订购精品咖啡,随着 Blue Bottle (蓝瓶子)咖啡、 Stumptown 咖啡等的流行,很多小众精品咖啡店推出了 subscription 服务,定时给用户邮寄新鲜咖啡,用户可以在他们网站上回答几个简单问题,来找到适合自己口味的咖啡。比如 Blue Bottle、Drink Trade。当然,你如果不想 subscribe 的话,也可以一次性购买。
咖啡豆的储存
将咖啡豆买回家后,建议密封保存。我个人使用的是 OXO 的密封盒,除了存放咖啡,不同尺寸的密封盒还可以放意大利面、早餐麦片,还有香菇、木耳等干货。
- Fresh, Fresher, Freshest. You pay for prime quality ground and whole beans, so it makes sense to...
- Safe from flavor-destroyers. Coffee naturally emits harmful co2 which needs venting away. Our...
- Track freshness for a dream brew for you and your guests. Sitting on top of the steel clasp seal lid...
- A dose of freshness anytime, anywhere; Our air-tight stainless steel canister, coffee storage...
- Premium material and high performance; We guarantee that our canisters are made with rust-resistant,...
- Enhanced aesthetic appeal; Whether it be for kitchen storage or a coffee bar, our coffee vault and...
- OXO Good Grips 5-Piece POP Container Set is airtight, stackable, space-efficient and now dishwasher...
- Set includes: One (1) 2.1 Qt Container, one (1) 1.5 Qt Container, two (2) 0.9 Qt Containers, and one...
- Push the button to engage the airtight seal. The button doubles as a handle for the lid
咖啡豆的研磨
研磨分为电动和手动。电动磨豆机有预设杯数,可设定咖啡粉粗细,方便用户使用。
- The Bistro Burr Grinder consistently crushes beans between stainless steel conical burrs. This...
- Push button, pre-set timer allows users to grind the exact amount of coffee needed, keeping beans...
- 12 Adjustable grind settings allow users to go from Espresso to French Press with ease.
- Stainless steel conical burrs designed to minimize grinding heat and protect the essential oils in...
- 60 precise grind settings from the finest Espresso to the coarsest French Press Grind. Voltage: 110...
- Precision Electronic Timer allows users to adjust grind time in 0.2 second increments and consistent...
手动磨豆机最大的好处是便宜。有些咖啡爱好者可能还会享受手动磨豆的过程。
- FINE OR COARSE GROUND COFFEE SETTING---With adjustable grind control, the manual coffee grinder can...
- TWO 5.5 oz CLEAR GLASS JARS---The manual coffee grinder comes with two 5.5 oz clear glass jars,...
- CONSISTENT GRINDS---- Fresh grinds should be consistent in texture and uniform in size for the...
如果预算有限,可以凑合使用以下这款刀片磨豆机。此类机器并非「研磨」,而是使用刀片打(砍)碎,出来的粉经常会不均匀,并且很难控制粗细。但它的好处是:便宜,并且除了磨(砍)豆外,还可以处理香料,当然每次用完记得清理干净,避免串味。
- Automatic coffee and spice grinder with variable settings: Coarse, Medium, or Fine
- Chamber Maid Cleaning System sweeps chamber walls to reduce mess and waste
- Precisely grind for the amount of coffee you are brewing: From 4 to 12 cups; Cord length: 25 inches
法压壶 French Press
法压壶应该是最简单、最入门的咖啡制作工具,价格亲民。热水与研磨较粗的咖啡粉浸泡一段时间后,将带有金属过滤网的压杆压下、把咖啡粉与咖啡分离,然后倒出,咖啡就制作完成了。法压壶适合咖啡新手,只要控制好水温、咖啡粉粗细、浸泡时间,咖啡口感会比较一致。不用咖啡滤纸,比较好清洁,不过如果咖啡粉太细,会导致金属网无法完全隔离咖啡渣,制作出的咖啡有残渣。
- Travel Coffee maker: brew Coffee or tea on the go and drink from same container when ready; enjoy...
- Quick and easy: Simply add coarsely ground Coffee, hot water and seal the lid for a delicious,...
- Stainless steel: made of vacuum-sealed, double-wall construction, this stainless steel travel mug...
建议购买杯体是金属或者厚玻璃的法压壶,我之前买过一个塑料的法压旅行杯,但加入热水会导致杯子受热不均匀,有碎裂的危险。法压壶除了制作热咖啡、泡茶外,夏天还可以制作冷萃咖啡和冰水果茶。
- Add Coarsely Grounded Coffee. Add Hot Water. Wait 4 Minutes. Plunge.
- Environmentally friendly: No paper filters or plastic capsules required.
- Base and handle made of BPA-free polypropylene. Carafe made of German Heat-Resistant Borosilicate...
手冲咖啡 Pour Over、Chemex 壶、挂耳
将这三种放在一起讨论,是因为他们萃取咖啡的原理基本相同,通过滴滤式萃取,利用重力,让热水流过咖啡粉,萃取出咖啡中的可溶性物质。不同的咖啡量、水温、萃取/焖煮时间,用户能得到截然不同的咖啡,比较适合中阶以上玩家。需要花时间练习,了解不同咖啡豆的特点来调整萃取,对技巧要求更高。对于很多人来说,使用手冲方式进行萃取咖啡更有装B感仪式感。下面介绍几款经典器具。
Hario V60 滴滤杯
日本出品的经典手冲咖啡器具,有金属、玻璃、塑料、陶瓷等不同材质,其杯壁夹角为60º,配合其专利设计的螺旋导流,使咖啡粉可以充分和热水接触,获得更好萃取。唯一的缺点是,用户需要购买相应尺寸的滤纸,不太环保。
- Durable, ceramic body retains heat to help ensure a constant temperature throughout the brewing...
- Cone shape helps to better accentuate coffees with floral or fruit flavor notes.
- Spiral ribs allows for maximum coffee expansion.
- Hario V60 cone shaped disposable paper filters for pour-over brewers
- Each filter is for single time use
- Contains 100 disposable natrual tabbed size 02 paper filters
Chemex壶,与其他滴滤杯类似,不过造型更别致。
- All CHEMEX Coffeemakers are measured using 5 oz. as 1 cup
- All CHEMEX Coffeemakers are made of the highest quality, non-porous Borosilicate glass which will...
- The patented CHEMEX pour-over design allows coffee to be covered and refrigerated for reheating...
挂耳
我会在办公室使用,配合我每周带去的咖啡粉,公司提供的胶囊咖啡机有时候略显单调,会手冲一杯挂耳咖啡调剂一下。
- Food grade Safe : Material Imported from Japan is consist of PP and pet. The coffee filters bags are...
- Quick and Simple: Unique hanging ear hook design allows for quick and easy POUR OVER BREWING METHOD...
- Perfect for any setting such as at home, camping, traveling, or in the office.
细嘴壶
作为手冲咖啡的附属加成器具,不是一定需要,不过有的话,可以使萃取的咖啡质量更上一层楼。吸嘴壶主要是帮助更好地控制与稳定水流速,一般分燃气加热与电子式。最好购买配有温度计的,控制热水温度,价格区间很大,大家量力而行。
- BREW LIKE A BARISTA GOURMET COFFEE: Your taste-buds will think you're at a coffee shop using a...
- ESSENCE OF FLAVOR: A gooseneck pour spout draws out the natural flavors and nuances from every...
- MADE TO LAST: Our stainless steel pot has a reinforced spout and thermal, insulated handle...
- BETTER TASTING COFFEE; If you want to make a great cup of coffee or tea at home; having the right...
- ACCURATE THERMOMETER; Burnt or under extracted coffee just doesn't taste nice; This specialty kettle...
- MADE OF RUST FREE STEEL; Brewello focuses on the technical aspect of products to deliver an...
- Simple Aesthetic Meets Powerful Design - Finally, an electric pour-over kettle that pours as good as...
- Precision Engineered - Stagg EKG’s precision pour spout is designed for the optimal pour-over flow...
- Variable Temperature Control - Did you know that freshly roasted coffee should be brewed at a higher...
电子秤
大家也可以用原来厨房料理的电子秤,或者购买制作咖啡专用的,带有计时功能的。
- Accurate, elegant, easy-to-use digital kitchen scale for your largest and smallest cooking projects...
- Automatic Unit Button instantly converts between 5 units of measurements (g, lbs, lbs:oz, oz, ml)...
- Precision Tare Button calculates the net weight of your ingredients by automatically subtracting the...
- Hario V60 drip coffee scale measures in 0. 1 gram increments for highest precision
- Includes a drip timer for perfect bloom times and pours each time
- Integrated timer for complete and total control of your coffee brewing process
爱乐压 Aeropress
美国 Aerobie 公司在2006 年推出的一种咖啡制作器具,携带方便,价格亲民。Aeropress 使用浸泡 + 压力萃取。跟法压壶相比,虽然两个名字里面都有「压」( press),但爱乐压利用其针筒式设计,让空气进行压缩,我觉得爱乐压萃取的咖啡口感更丰富。
- Popular with coffee enthusiasts worldwide, the patented AeroPress is a new kind of coffee press that...
- Good-bye French Press! The rapid brewing AeroPress avoids the bitterness and high acidity created by...
- Makes 1 to 3 cups of American coffee per pressing in about a minute, and unlike a French press, it...
爱乐压附带的是滤纸,用户可以选择换成金属网,如果感觉普通的滤纸无法达到更高的压力,获得更好的 espresso(更多的咖啡油脂 crema),可以选择购买 Fellow Prismo Aeropress。
- Superpowers For Your Aeropress - Prismo is a pressure actuated valve designed to be used with the...
- Coffee Ninja - Espresso-style, full immersion, Americano, cold brew, hot tea, iced tea, and more....
- Quick And Clean - Reusable etched fine stainless steel filter for consistent brews and a no-mess...
摩卡壶 Moka Pot
请注意,这里的「摩卡」并非大家在咖啡店点的摩卡花式咖啡。摩卡壶做出来的接近意式浓缩咖啡 espresso。摩卡壶分为上下两段,下方装水和咖啡粉,上端是最后萃取好的咖啡液。正如下方原理图,下方水被加热后形成水蒸气产生压力,将水压入上方的咖啡粉,并流入上端。

蒸汽产生的压力一般在1.5-3.0个大气压,无法和意式咖啡机轻松可以达到9个大气压相比;好的意式咖啡机可以达到15 bar。不过,摩卡壶价格亲民,深受老百姓喜爱。用户需要花时间来学习水量、水温和咖啡粉比例,避免萃取过度,产生苦味。刚上手,每一次出品的稳定性不佳。
- Bradshaw International
- Bialetti 6-Cup
- Moka Express
购买时请关注评价好、知名品牌的摩卡壶,不要贪图便宜,因为很多质量差的摩卡壶,上下两部分结构不密封、工艺不过关,使用时会有「炸壶」的风险。煮咖啡时务必待在燃气灶旁,因为摩卡壶制作速度较快,一般在3-5分钟就完成了,避免干烧,产生不必要的危险。
虹吸壶 Vacuum / Siphon Coffee Maker
虹吸壶像实验室里面的实验器材,制作咖啡时的装B感观赏性力压以上各类咖啡器具。下方一般是工业酒精加热,现在也有电子加热炉。热水上升、萃取放在上面的咖啡粉,通过浸泡后,移除下方加热源,下方压力下降,上方的咖啡液因为重力流入下方的壶中,与咖啡残渣分离。虹吸壶大部分是由玻璃制成,不易储藏,当然如果放入玻璃柜当一个艺术品摆件,也不是不可以。使用虹吸壶必须时刻待在旁边,掌控下方温度,制作完咖啡后清洗比较麻烦。

- Material: Made of quality heat resistant glass and polypropylene made in other parts. Easy and...
- Easy to use: this syphon coffee maker with its alcohol burner continuously provides consistent heat...
- Flexible : Achieve precise brew consistency and personalization by establishing your own temperature...
- YAMA Siphon brewed coffee produces cleaner, richer, and smoother cup of coffee by maximizing the...
- Large 8 cup capacity is perfect for serving the whole family
- Vacuum technology seals in the aroma and flavors delivering on the true profile of your coffee
咖啡机选购知识与推荐
本文介绍北美比较好的家庭咖啡机,包括美式滴滤咖啡机、胶囊咖啡机、意式咖啡机、二合一等。喜欢享受手动制作咖啡的请移步阅读上一篇文章。
(more…)继续阅读:《咖啡机选购知识与推荐》。
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