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肝脏是人体内最大的器官之一,它对维持生命至关重要。肝脏通过产生胆汁来协助消化,从而将食物分解成细胞所需的重要营养物质。同时,肝脏还在维持身体健康方面发挥着重要作用,可以清除废物。当分解废物产生氨时,肝脏生成尿素,随后肾脏过滤血液中的尿素并在尿液中排出。此外,肝脏还排泄胆红素,这是红细胞中蛋白质血红蛋白分解产生的废物。
肝脏可以在受到损伤后自我再生,但同时它也容易受到各种感染和疾病的影响,例如病毒感染,如甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎,这些病毒感染可能导致长期的肝脏损伤。根据疾病控制和预防中心的报告,美国有 2% 的人口、450 万成年人,被诊断患有慢性肝病或肝硬化。肝硬化是指肝脏积累过多的疤痕组织,它可以是感染、损伤或长期酗酒造成的结果。
常见的 5 种护肝成分 常见的护肝保健品主要有:水飞蓟(Milk Thistle,也叫奶蓟草、马萝卜子),朝鲜蓟叶(Artichoke Leaf,也叫洋蓟叶)、蒲公英(Dandelion)、锌(Zinc)、姜黄素(Turmeric / curcumin)。
1、水飞蓟 Milk Thistle 水飞蓟又名奶蓟草、马萝卜子,是一种带刺的开花草本植物,有时被用于草药疗法。由于其具有抗氧化和抗炎特性,它是肝脏补充剂中最常见的成分。作为一种抗氧化剂,水飞蓟被认为可以保护肝细胞免受自由基的损害 —— 这些反应性分子在毒素代谢时产生,可以损伤组织。
奶蓟草(图:美国国家卫生研究院 ) 《奶蓟草(水飞蓟)的健康功效:肝硬化、骨质疏松等 》 虽然马萝卜子可能是一种流行的补充剂,但它的具体功效尚不清楚。有几项研究表明,马萝卜子可以降低肝酶,但 2017 年一项更大规模的系统评价认为,这些改善并不具有临床意义。
奶蓟草以常规剂量服用时安全,但它偶尔会引起过敏反应、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、皮疹或头痛。它也可能与一些药物产生相互作用,建议与医生讨论其使用。
2、朝鲜蓟叶 Artichoke Leaf 作为一种食物,朝鲜蓟(洋蓟)富含纤维、维生素 C 和其他抗氧化剂。虽然在美国人们通常把它当作蔬菜,但洋蓟实际上是一种蓟类植物。该植物提取物有时被用于补充剂中,这些补充剂已经被证明具有抗氧化作用并用于支持肝脏健康。
朝鲜蓟 / 图:Helger11 / pixabay 一些研究表明,洋蓟叶提取物可以帮助支持健康的血压并降低低密度脂蛋白或「坏」胆固醇的水平。一项 2016 年发表的随机双盲研究表明,在一组患有非酒精性脂肪肝病的患者中,肝酶有所改善。非酒精性脂肪肝病,有时也称为代谢性疾病相关脂肪肝病,可以在肝脏中脂肪过多积累,从而阻碍其最佳功能。肥胖和 2 型糖尿病是 NAFLD 的危险因素。但是,到目前为止,这些证据很少。有医生认为,根据当前的文献,洋蓟叶和马萝卜子对肝脏的益处很少或根本没有。
3、蒲公英 Dandelion 蒲公英很容易辨认,它通常有明亮的黄色花朵和锯齿形叶子,是一种常见的花园野草。长期以来,它一直被用作食物来源和家庭疗法药材。用作食物时,它可以提供许多维生素,包括 A、C 和 K。蒲公英还是β-胡萝卜素的丰富来源,这是一种抗氧化剂,使胡萝卜呈现出橙黄色,并可以被肝脏转化为维生素 A。
黄色蒲公英 / 图:Min An / pexels 蒲公英植物具有抗炎和抗氧化作用,被认为可以保护肝脏。然而,蒲公英根对肝脏是否安全或有效到目前为止还没有足够的研究。
4、锌 Zinc 锌是一种微量元素,对细胞生长至关重要。在患有肝病的患者中,锌的水平通常较低。因此,锌补充被认为可以保护维持肝功能。锌保健品有时被用作治疗酒精性肝硬化患者的治疗方案的一部分。2018 年的一项研究综述指出,接受锌补充和药物联合治疗三到六个月的患者比仅接受药物治疗的患者有更好的疗效。
锌 Zinc 是人体必需的微量营养素,能增强人体免疫力,稳定血糖水平,保持皮肤、眼睛和心脏健康。
5、姜黄素 Turmeric 姜黄是一种鲜艳的橙色香料,广泛用于印度和南亚烹饪中。姜黄素是姜黄的活性成分。像蒲公英一样,姜黄也具有抗氧化和抗炎作用,被认为对肝脏具有保护作用。
2016 年和 2017 年的两项随机安慰剂对照试验研究表明,姜黄素在非酒精性脂肪肝病的治疗中显示出一定的益处,可以降低肝脏脂肪含量并改善肝功能指标。姜黄素补充剂通常也含有另一种叫做胡椒碱 (piperine) 的化合物,它是黑胡椒的提取物,可以显著提高姜黄素的吸收率。
姜黄是姜科植物,咖喱粉的主要成分就是姜黄。姜黄中含有一种叫做姜黄素 (Curcumin) 的黄色物质,因此姜黄也被用于对食品和化妆品着色。姜黄也可以入药,通常用于关节炎、消化系统疾病、呼吸道感染、过敏、肝病和抑郁症等。
NOW Supplements 护肝片 NOW 的这款护肝片融合了高品质的阿根廷脱脂牛肝粉 1g、西伯利亚人参根(Eleutherococcus senticosus 100mg)和水飞蓟提取物(Silybum marianum 100mg),有助于维护健康的肝脏功能。没有任何添加剂和激素。
$13.38 on Amazon Also on iHerb
NOW Supplements 是美国著名的营养保健品公司,成立于 1968 年,总部位于伊利诺伊州的 Bloomingdale。该公司提供多种产品系列,包括维生素、矿物质、草药、氨基酸和健康膳食补充剂等。他们的产品都有 GMP 认证,并且经过第三方检测确保产品质量和纯度。
Natures Craft 肝脏排毒丸 这款「肝脏排毒修复丸」是天然草药保健品,成分包括水飞蓟、蒲公英根、有机姜黄和朝鲜蓟提取物等天然成分,可以帮助肝脏排毒和清洁,恢复肝脏健康。厂家宣称它还能提高大脑功能,让您感觉更有活力,同时改善皮肤和肠道健康。这些成分都经过第三方实验室检测。
$22.77 on Amazon Natures Craft 肝脏排毒丸 60 粒
Natures Craft 是一家美国的保健品品牌,专注于提供高品质的营养补充剂和天然草药配方,产品包括心血管、消化系统、免疫系统、神经系统和骨骼肌肉等方面的保健品,大都是以天然草本植物为基础配方。Natures Craft 的产品经过第三方实验室测试,并使用高质量的成分和生产工艺来确保质量和安全性。
Bronson 奶蓟草护肝片 Bronson 护肝片是一款支持肝脏健康的保健品,含有 1000 毫克的奶蓟草,提供高效的肝脏支持,以及 50 毫克的蒲公英根,提供额外的益处。奶蓟草是强大的抗氧化剂,有助于维持健康的肝脏功能。该产品中含有天然花卉,如果你对豚草或雏菊类花卉过敏,请避免使用。
$9.99 on Amazon Bronson 护肝片 120 粒
Bronson Vitamins 是美国的维生素和营养补充剂品牌,成立于 1960 年,至今已经有 60 多年的历史。该品牌的创建者是一群药剂师,他们亲眼见证了维生素和矿物质对患者的益处。Bronson Vitamins 提供多种类型的营养补充剂,如维生素、矿物质、植物营养素、胶原蛋白、葡萄籽提取物等,所有产品均由第三方实验室进行测试。
Arazo Nutrition 肝脏清洁排毒和修复配方 Arazo Nutrition 的肝脏清洁排毒和修复配方,成分包括乳蓟提取物、朝鲜蓟提取物、胆碱、锌、甜菜根、刺荆芥提取物、蒲公英、菊苣根、蓍草、枣提取物等多种植物成分,有助于增强肝功能、支持整体排毒、提高能量和活力。此外,配方中的乳蓟提取物还有助于促进新肝细胞的产生、修复和滋养受损的肝脏,缓解宿醉和胆固醇水平。该产品为素食胶囊,生产设施通过了美国 GMP 认证,并经过第三方安全测试。
$20.95 on Amazon Arazo Nutrition 肝脏清洁排毒和修复配方 60 粒
Arazo Nutrition 是美国保健品公司,致力于生产高品质、天然和安全的保健品。该公司提供了多种不同类型的保健品,包括心脑血管、关节和骨骼、免疫系统和肝脏支持等。它们的产品都是在美国的 GMP 认证工厂中制造,同时经过第三方安全测试,保证了其纯度和质量。
Costco 的护肝保健品 Costco 销售的护肝保健品包括 Trunature 的奶蓟草胶囊 和 Nature’s Lab 的姜黄素精华 。这两种产品在 Amazon 上也有销售。
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相关文章 Last update on 2024-12-15. Affiliate links and images from Amazon Product Advertising API. This website is an Amazon Associate. We earn from qualifying purchases.
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