美国国家卫生研究院：糖尿病保健品综述

糖尿病（Diabetes）是以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病，并发症高达100多种，是目前已知并发症最多的一种疾病。糖尿病肾脏病变是糖尿病最严重的并发症之一，而肾脏疾病与服用保健品有关。

美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）综述了常见保健品对糖尿病及其并发症的有效性研究结果：大多数保健品并没有足够证据支持其在糖尿病治疗中的应用。点击这里查看 NIH 官网原文。

α-硫辛酸（Alpha-Lipoic Acid）

糖尿病性黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema）：一种可引起视力丧失的眼病。在2011年针对235名2型糖尿病患者的一项研究中发现，2年的α-硫辛酸补充剂无助于预防黄斑水肿。
糖尿病神经病变（diabetic neuropathy）：2016年糖尿病神经病变症状治疗评估，包括2项口服α-硫辛酸研究，共205名参与者，结果表明α-硫辛酸可能有帮助。

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铬是人体必需的微量矿物质。如果饮食中铬的摄入量过低，身体就可能无法有效地利用葡萄糖。

2014年的一项综述研究发现，服用铬补充剂，同时配合常规护理，对血糖控制不佳的糖尿病患者的血糖控制有略微改善作用。其中，改善作用体现以2型糖尿病患者为主。该综述包括25项研究，约1,600名参与者。

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镁对身体处理葡萄糖的能力至关重要，缺镁可能会增加患糖尿病的风险。然而，镁保健品是否有助于改善糖尿病及其并发症，结果不能确定。此外，大剂量的镁可导致腹泻和腹绞痛，每天超过5,000 mg甚至可能致命。

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镁是维持人体生命活动的重要矿物质元素，许多食物、膳食补充剂和药品中（如抗酸剂和泻药）中都含有镁，国立卫生研究院的这篇文章综述了镁的功效和副作用。 Jia Liu 2019-06-27 0 评论阅读全文

鱼油等Omega-3脂肪酸保健品，在帮助糖尿病患者控制血糖水平和降低心脏病风险方面的功效还不能确定。

在两项针对食用富含ω-3脂肪酸的冷水脂肪鱼类和糖尿病二者关系的研究中，也出现了相互矛盾的结果：美国和欧洲的一些研究发现，吃更多鱼的人患糖尿病的比例更高；而来自亚洲和澳大利亚的研究则相反，食用更多的鱼与降低糖尿病患病风险相关。目前还没有证据能够解释其中的差异。

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对涉及超过20,000名参与者的4项研究发现，补充硒对降低2型糖尿病风险没有作用。

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维生素 D：维生素 D 水平低与代谢紊乱风险增加有关，如2型糖尿病、代谢综合征或胰岛素抵抗等。然而，截至目前的研究发现，服用维生素 D 对预防糖尿病或改善血糖水平没有作用。

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FDA 提醒消费者，不应用膳食补充剂或保健品来替代处方药来治疗糖尿病及其相关的并发症。

通过日常饮食及生活方式的管理，糖尿病也可以得到很好的控制。